Updated: 5 Nov 2004

Simulation of tropical storms

M. K. Yoshioka

Tropical storms are one of the most energetic meteorological systems. Simulation of typhoon genesis has been difficult since it encompasses wide range of scales. In our 10-km simulations, tropical cyclones are generated and some of them develop into mature typhoons with a realistic structure.

typhoon track

(a) Typhoon tracks detected in the T1279 AFES simulation during the integration period of 16 days. (b) Snapshot distributions of precipitation intensity (PRCP) and SLP around the typhoon T3 center at the formation stage when the center is at 16.82° and 146.14°E with the minimum pressure of 996.4 hPa, (c) for the mature stage at 23.76°N and 138.75°E, 920.7 hPa, and (d) for the decay stage at 31.54°N and 129.82°E, 970.2 hPa. The contour interval for SLP is 5 hPa except for near the center area in (d). The domain of each panel is 15 degrees in longitude and latitude. (Ohfuchi et al. 2004)

cross-section of typhoon

Snapshot longitude-height sections across the storm center of T3 at the mature stage: (a) Equivalent potential temperature (K); (b) Temperature deviation (K) from the sigma level average for the longitudinal extent (shade), with specific humidity (g/kg) distribution (contours); (c) vectors of the zonal and vertical wind components (unit: m/s and Pa/s, respectively, plotted at 4-grids intervals) superimposed on the distribution of zonal wind (m/s; westerlies positive); and (d) temperature (contours with 10 K contour interval) and the distribution of meridional wind (shade: southerlies positive). (Ohfuchi et al. 2004)

References

  • Ohfuchi, W., H. Nakamura, M. K. Yoshioka, T. Enomoto, K. Takaya, X. Peng, S. Yamane, T. Nishimura, Y. Kurihara, and K. Ninomiya, 2004: 10-km mesh meso-scale resolving simulations of the global atmosphere on the Earth Simulator: Preliminary outcomes of AFES (AGCM for the Earth Simulator). J. Earth Simulator, 1, 8°34.