The Earth Simulator Center

Updated: June 21, 2005

Description of CFES

• Atmospheric component (including land-surface model)
• Oceanic component (including sea-ice model)
• Coupling strategy
• Acknowledgment
• References

Atmospheric Component: AFES 2

• Based on CCSR/NIES AGCM 5.4.02 [Numaguti et al., 1997]

AFES [Ohfuchi et al., 2004]

• Optimization for the Earth Simulator [Shingu et al., 2002]
• Prognostic inland water (option)

AFES 2 [Enomoto et al., 2005]

• Cumulus convection scheme of Emanuel and Živkovic-Rothman [1999] (option)
• Simplified vertical diffusion scheme (option)
• Land-surface model MATSIRO of Takata et al. [2003] (option)
• Radiation scheme MSTRN of Nakajima et al. [2000] with improvements by Sekiguchi [2004] (option)

Oceanic Component: OIFES

• Based on GFDL MOM 3.1 [Pacanowski and Griffies, 2000]

OFES [Masumoto et al., 2004]

• Optimization for the Earth Simulator

OIFES [Komori et al., 2005]

• Sea-ice model based on that of Zhang and Zhang [2001]
  • Extended from viscous–plastic rheology to elastic–viscous–plastic rheology of Hunke and Dukowicz [1997]
  • Modified from a Cartesian coordinate to a spherical coordinate adopted from Hunke and Dukowicz [2002]

Coupling Strategy

• In detail, see Takahashi et al. [2003a, b].

Acknowledgment

• Development of CFES is partly supported by MEXT RR2002 Project for Sustainable Coexistence of Human, Nature and the Earth, category 7 (PI: Prof. Toshiyuki Awaji).
• Land surface model MATSIRO is provided by courtesy of Dr. Seita Emori.
• Radiation model MSTRN is provided by courtesy of Prof. Teruyuki Nakajima.

References

• Emanuel, K. A., and M. Živkovic-Rothman, 1999: Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 56 (11), 1766–1782.
• Hunke, E. C., and J. K. Dukowicz, 1997: An elastic–viscous–plastic model for sea ice dynamics. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27 (9), 1849–1867.
• Hunke, E. C., and J. K. Dukowicz, 2002: The elastic–viscous–plastic sea ice dynamics model in general orthogonal curvilinear coordinates on a sphere—Incorporation of metric terms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130 (7), 1848–1865.
• Komori, N., K. Takahashi, K. Komine, T. Motoi, X. Zhang, and G. Sagawa, 2005: Description of sea-ice component of Coupled Ocean–Sea-Ice Model for the Earth Simulator (OIFES). J. Earth Simulator, submitted.
• Masumoto, Y., H. Sasaki, T. Kagimoto, N. Komori, A. Ishida, Y. Sasai, T. Miyama, T. Motoi, H. Mitsudera, K. Takahashi, H. Sakuma, and T. Yamagata, 2004: A fifty-year eddy-resolving simulation of the world ocean: Preliminary outcomes of OFES (OGCM for the Earth Simulator). J. Earth Simulator, 1, 35–56.
• Nakajima, T., M. Tsukamoto, Y. Tsushima, A. Numaguti, and T. Kimura, 2000: Modeling of the radiative process in an atmospheric general circulation model. Appl. Opt., 39 (27), 4869–4878.
• Numaguti, A., M. Takahashi, T. Nakajima, A. Sumi, 1997: Description of CCSR/NIES Atmospheric General Circulation Model. Study on the climate system and mass transport by a climate model, CGER's Supercomputer Monograph Report, 3, pp. 1–48, Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
• Ohfuchi, W., H. Nakamura, M. K. Yoshioka, T. Enomoto, K. Takaya, X. Peng, S. Yamane, T. Nishimura, Y. Kurihara, and K. Ninomiya, 2004: 10-km mesh meso-scale resolving simulations of the global atmosphere on the Earth Simulator: Preliminary outcomes of AFES (AGCM for the Earth Simulator). J. Earth Simulator, 1, 8–34.
• Pacanowski, R. C., and S. M. Griffies, 2000: MOM 3.0 Manual. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 680 pp.
• Sekiguchi, M., 2004: A study on evaluation of the radiative flux and its computational optimization in the gaseous absorbing atmosphere. Science Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tokyo, 121pp (in Japanese).
• Shingu, S., H. Takahara, H. Fuchigami, M. Yamada, Y. Tsuda, W. Ohfuchi, Y. Sasaki, K. Kobayashi, T. Hagiwara, S. Habata, M. Yokokawa, H. Itoh, and K. Otsuka, 2002: A 26.58 Tflops global atmospheric simulation with the spectral transform method on the Earth Simulator. Proc. IEEE/ACM SC2002 Conference, 52.
• Takahashi, K., A. Azami, T. Abe, H. Sakuma, and T. Sato, 2003: Developing coupled ocean-atmosphere global climate model for the Earth Simulator and its computational/physical validation. NEC Research & Development, 44 (1), 109–114.
• Takahashi, K., S. Shingu, A. Azami, T. Abe, M. Yamada, H. Fuchigami, M. Yoshioka, Y. Sasaki, H. Sakuma, and T. Sato, 2003: Coupling strategy of atmospheric-oceanic general circulation model with ultra high resolution and its performance on the Earth Simulator. in Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics — New Frontiers and Multi-Disciplinary Applications, K. Matsuno et al. (Editors), pp. 93–100, Elsevier.
• Takata, K., S. Emori, and T. Watanabe, 2003: Development of the minimal advanced treatments of surface interaction and runoff. Global and Planetary Change, 38 (1–2), 209–222.
• Zhang, X., and J. Zhang, 2001: Heat and freshwater budgets and pathway in the Arctic Mediterranean in a coupled ocean/sea-ice model. J. Oceanogr., 57 (2), 207–234.