(Reprinted with permission from “Far-Reaching Effects of the Hawaiian Islands on the Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere System”, Shang-Ping Xie, W.Timothy Liu, Qinyu Liu, Masami Nonaka ,Vol.292, No.5524, 15 June 2001, 2057-2060, Figure 3 (left) , 2059. Copyright American Association for the Advancement of Science.)