On 26th November 2004, SINTEX-F1 workshop was held at the Hakone Prince Hotel. The aims of this workshop were to discuss intensively further improvement of physical performance and optimization on the Earth Simulator of the SINTEX-F1 model developed as a part of the research collaboration with EU-JAPAN, among researchers involving in the projects. In the workshop, the Program Director Dr. Yamagata, one of the main organizers of the workshop, introduced the key role of SINTEX-F model for introducing importance of Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) in the world. He also discussed some basic ongoing researches for future predictability experiments. IOD is considered basically as an atmosphere-ocean interaction phenomenon in the tropics like as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, it turned out that its prediction is relatively difficult compared to that of ENSO because of crucial differences between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean such as geographical conditions, which activate scale interactions over the Indian Ocean. Dr. Navarra of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), the representative of the SINTEX project in the EU side, had an overall review of research activities about prediction methods. Then, other participants reported recent research outputs such as a seasonal forecast, the Indian monsoon, as well as progress in development and improvement of the models. Finally, it was confirmed with EU side to make active contribution for the Indian Ocean modeling project by promoting joint development and improvement of physical and computational performance of SINTEX model.

Introduction of Masayuki Hara, who joined our Program in July 2004.
Prior to coming to FRCGC as research assistant, I was a graduate student of University of Tsukuba, and I studied mechanism of
a cyclone that causes much snow along the southern slope of the Himalaya using regional meteorological model.
One of my particular interests is diurnal cycle and spatial structure of convective activity over the Monsoon Asia. I conduct some simulations over the Maritime Continent and the Bay of Bengal using regional meteorological model. The diurnal cycle of convective activity in the tropics is one of the major energy sources for driving the circulation of the atmosphere. Studying the mechanism of the diurnal cycle is important to understand mechanism of various meteorological processes the in Monsoon Asia.

Prabir Patra attended AGU Chapman Conference on The Science and Technology of Carbon Sequestration at San Diego, 16-20 January 2005. This meeting was different in some sense from the conventional ones. All presentations were directed towards the application of our understanding of carbon cycle science, either in verification or assessment of natural and deliberate carbon sinks. The issue of forced increase in natural carbon sinks, such as the ocean sediments or terrestrial biosphere, and deliberate sinks in the oil wells or earth's crust were discussed in details. The consensus is multiple methodologies have to be implemented to control atmospheric CO2 increase. Note that the carbon sequestration science and technology are being developed to mitigate CO2 increase in our atmosphere, and to comply with the commitments each countries have made under the Kyoto Protocol. Though there may be technologies available at hand to sequester carbon, but its longer-term repercussions are not known, such as how to inject CO2 in the ocean without affecting the marine life. The verification of carbon-credit claims by each country is another serious problem, where he thinks we can contribute through inverse and forward modeling of CO2.
 
Frontier Newsletter/No.27
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