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1D-VAR 1-Dimensional Variational Method in the Vertical 2D Two-dimensional 3D Three-dimensional 3DRT 3D Radiative Transfer Working Group 3Dvar 3 Dimensional Variational Method (4DDA) 3次元変分法 4DDA Four-Dimensional (4D) Data Assimilation; 4次元データ同化 4DVAR 4 Dimensional Variational Method (4DDA) 4次元変分法 6S Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum A-AMS Asia-Australian Monsoon System AABW Antarctic Bottom Water AAMP Arctic Airborne Measurement Program AAN Asian AWS Network (GAME); アジア地域自動気象観測ネットワーク AAO Antarctic Oscillation AAOE Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment AARI Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute AARRP Applied Atmospheric Resources Research Program (by BRRAA) AARS Asian Association on Remote Sensing AASE Airborn Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (北極域成層圏航空機観測) ABL Atmospheric Boundary Layer; 大気境界層 ABLE Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment ABRACOS Anglo-Brazilian Amazonian Climate Observation Study ABRFC Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center ACARS Aircraft Communication and Recording System ACC Anthropogenic Climate Change (CLIVAR's project);; Antarctic Circumpolar Current ACCP Atlantic Climate Change Program ACE Aerosol Characterization Experiment (NOAA);; Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (onboard sensor on SCISAT, Canada);; Advanced Composition Explorer (a satellite of NASA) ACE-Asia Aerosol Characterization Experiment-in Asia Pacific Region ACMAD African Center for Meteorological Applications and Development ACOS Automatic Climate Observation System (GAME-Siberia/Hakusan) ACRES Australian Centre for Remote Sensing ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor; 絶対放射計 ACRS Asian Conference on Remote Sensing ACRoRS Asian Center for Research on Remote Sensing (AIT) ACSYS Arctic Climate System Study (WCRP); 北極圏気候システム研究計画 ACW Antarctic Circumpolar Wave ADAR Airborne Data Acquisition and Registration ADCC ARCSS Data Coodination Center ADEOS Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (Japan); 地球観測プラットフォーム技術衛星 ADEOS-II Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (Japan); 地球環境観測技術衛星 ADESS Automated Data Editing and Switching System (JMA) AEB Agencia Espacial Brasileira (Brazil) AERI Atmospherically Emitted Radiance Interferometer AEROCE Atmospheric Ocean Chemistry Experiment AERONET NASA Aerosol Robotic Network AEROS Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System AES Atmospheric Environmental Service AESTO Advanced Earth Scinece and Technology Organization; 地球科学技術総合推進機構(April, 2002 established; formerly ESTO) AFES Atmospheric general circulation model For Earth Simulator;地球シミュレータによる大気大循環モデル AFGWC Air Force Global Weather Central AFOS Automation of Field Operations and Services AGAGE Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment AGCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model; 大気大循環モデル AGORA Assessment of the Global Ocean ciRculation with dataAssimilation AGU American Geophysical Union AGWP Absolute Global Warming Potential AIM Asia-Pacific Integrated Model AIP Algorithm Intercomparison Project (satellite precipitation) AIRIES Association of International Research Initiatives for Enviornmental Studies (APN's office); 国際環境研究協会 AIRS Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (onboard sensor on Terra) AIST The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; 産業技術総合研究所 AIT Asia Institute of Technology; アジア工科大学 AJG The Association of Japanese Geographers; 日本地理学会 AL Aleutian Low; アリューシャン低気圧 ALGAS Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy (ESCAP) ALIS2001 Atmosphere-Land surface Ineteraction Study in 2001 ALMA Advancing Land-surface Modeling and Analysis;; Assistance for Land Surface Modeling Activities ALOS Advanced Land Observing Satellite (Japan); 陸域観測技術衛星 ALS Airborne Laser Scanner AMAP Atelier of Modeling of Architecture Plants (植物成長モデル) AMDAR Aircraft meteorological data relay AMI Active Microwave Instrument;; Advanced Microwave Instrument (ERS-1) AMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project AMMA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis Project AMON Asian Meteorological Online Newsletter AMOS Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society AMS American Meteorological Society AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (onboard sensor of ADEOS-II) AMSU Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (onboard sensor of ADEOS-II, etc.) AMSU-B ?Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit .... (onboard sensor of next NOAA) AMeDAS Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (JMA); 地域気象観測網 ANDES Asia Pacific Network for Disaster Mitigation using Earch Observation Satellite ANN Artificial Neural Networks ANOVA ANalysis Of VAriance between groups ANSI American National Standards Institute ANSTO Australian Nuclear Science Technology Organization AO Arctic Oscillation;; Announcement of Opportunity AOGCM Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model AOGS Asia Oceania Geosciences Society AOMIP Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project AP-FRIEND Asian Pacific FRIEND (UNESCO) APAC Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing APD Associate Program Director;; Avalanche Photo Diode APDRC Asia-Pacific Data Research Center (US) APF Asian Pacific FRIEND (UENSCO) APHW Asia Pacific Association of Hydrology and Water Resources APN Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research; アジア・太平洋地球変化研究ネットワーク APN SM APN Satellite Meeting on Asian Monsoon-ENSO APN SPC APN Scientific Planning Committee APT Asia-Pacific Telecommunity;; Auto Picture Transmission ARCSS Arctic System Science ARCSyM Arctic System Model ARESE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Enhanced Shortwave Experiment ARGASS AVHRR GAC-dataset for Atmosphere and Surface Studies ARGO Part of the Integrated GLobal Observation Strategy;; Array for Real-Time Geostrophic Observations (JAMSTEC) ARIC Atmosphere Research and Information Centre ARIES Australian Resource Information and Environmental Satellite ARL Air Resource Laboratory ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurement;; Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program ARM-CART Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program ? Cloud and Radiation Testbed ARPEGE/OPA Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle/Ocean Parallelise ARS Agricultural Research Service (USDA) ASAR Advanced Synthetic Aperature Rader ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCS Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation (USDA) ASDAR Aircraft to Satellite Data Relay ASE Association of Space Explorers ASEAN Association for Southeast Asian Nations ASHOE/MAESA Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment/Measurement for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft ASI Agencia Spatiale Italiana ASMC ASEAN Specialized Meteorological Centre (Singapore) ASOS Automated Surface Observing System ASPRS American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (Onboard sensor of Terra);; Atmosphere Surface Turbulent Exchange Research ATDD Atmospheric Turbulent and Diffusion Division (NOAA) ATMOS ? (NASDA); 太陽非同期観測衛星; Atmospheric Trace Molecular Spectroscopy ATMS Advanced Technology Microwave Sounding ATSR Along Track Scanning Radiometer AURA Earth Observing System (EOS)/Aura AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (onboard sensor of NOAA); 改良型超高分解能放射計 AVIRIS Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer AVIRIS Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer AVNIR Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer (onboard sensor of ADEOS) AVRIS Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer AWI Alfred Wegener Institute (Germany) AWIPS Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System AWOS Automated Weather Observing System AWRA American Water Resources Association AWS Automatic Weather Station; 自動気象観測装置 AeSRi Advanced Earth Strategy Research Institute, Inc; (株)地球科学技術政策研究所 Aqua = EOS-PM1 BAHC Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrological Cycle (IGBP); 水循環の生物的側面 BAIM Biosphere-Atmosphere Interaction Model (Mabuchi, MRI) BALTEX Baltic Sea Experiment (GEWEX) BAMS Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society BASE Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment (MAGS) BATS Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (NCAR) BBC BALTEX/ BRIDGE Campaign BBHRP Broadband Heating Rate Profile BC Black Carbon BEPS Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator) BERN2D Two-dimensional Climate Model of University of Bern BEST Bare Essential of Surface Transfer BGC Biogeochemical Cycle BGR Bulletin of Glaciological Research BIG BAHC-IGAC-GCTE (IGBP) BIOME6000 Global Paleo-vegetation Mapping Project BIP Band Interleaved by Pixel BISE Best Index Slope Extraction (by Viovy et al 1992) BMG Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika ((Indonesia) Meteorological and Geophysical Agency); (インドネシア)気象地球物理庁 BMRC Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (Australia) BOMEX Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment BOREAS Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (ISLSCPの一環) BPPT Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (of Indonesia)); (インドネシア)技術評価応用庁 BRAVE Booth for Resolving Aspects of Virtual Earth (virtual reality system of ECS) BRDF Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function BRF Bidirectional Reflectance Factor BRRAA Bureau of the Royal Rainmaking and Agricultural Aviation (Thailand) BSRN Baseline Surface Radiation Network (GEWEX); 基準地表放射測定計画 BST Beijing Standard Time BUFR Binary Universal Format Representation BUV Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer BfG Federal Institute of Hydrology Biome-BGC Biome- BioGeochemical Cycles (NTSG, Univ Montana) BoM Bureau of Meteorology (Australia) C.V. Curriculum Vitae; 履歴(書) C/A Coarse/Acquisition (a code for GPS) C4MIP Coupled Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project CAAC Centralized Archiving and Analyzing Center CAC Climate Analysis Center (a division in NOAA) CAFE Climate Variability, Anthropogenic Forcing, and Agricultural/Marine Ecosystem Interaction (A project of NASA) CAGES Canadian GEWEX Enhanced Study CAGEX CERES/ARM/GEWEX Experiment CALIPSO Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations CALM Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring CAMP CEOP Asia-Australia Monsoon Project CAMS Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences;; Climate Anomaly Monitoring System CANAE Code for Aggregating Nested Atmosphere and Environment CAO Central Aerological Observatory (Russia) CAPE Convective Available Potential Energy CAPS Circumpolar Active-Layer Permafrost System (IPA);;Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms CARDS Comprehensive Aerological Reference Data Set CARE Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments CART Classification and Tree Analysis;; Cloud and Atmospheric Radiation Testbed CAS Committee for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO); ; Chinese Academy of Sciences;; Catalog/Aggregation Server; Commission for Atmospheric Sciences CASA Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach Biosphere Model CASES Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study CASH Commercial Aviation Sensing Humidity CASI Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager CAST Chinese Academy of Space Technology CATCH Coupling of the Tropical Atmosphere and Hydrological Cycle (GEWEX) CBD Convention on Biodiversity CBERS China Brazil Earth Resource Satellite CCA Canonical Correlation Analysis CCC(MA) Canadian Centre for Climate (Modelling and Analysis); カナダ気候センター CCCO Committee on the Climate Change and Ocean (IOC) CCD Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa;; Charge-Coupled Device CCIW Canadian Centre for Inland Waters CCM Community Climate Model (NCAR/USA) CCMLP Carbon Cycle Model Linkage Project CCN Cloud Condensation Nuclei CCRS Canada Centre for Remote Sensing CCSP (US) Climate Change Science Program CCSR Center for Climate System Research (University of Tokyo); 気候システム研究センター CCW Couter Clockwise (時計回りに) CD-R Compact Disk - Recordable; シーディーアール CD-ROM Compact Disk - Read-Only Memory; シーディーロム CD-RW Compact Disk - Rewritable CDAS Climate Data Assimilation Scheme; ;Command and Data Acquisition Station; 気象庁気象衛星通信所;; Climate Data Assimilation System CDC Centers for Disease Control (United States);; Climate Diagnostics Center CDCD Canadian Daily Climate Data CDDB Climate Diagnosis Database CDIAC Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (USA) CDP Climate Data Portal CEC Canonical Ensemble Correlation CEOP Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (WCRP/GEWEX) CEOS Committee for Earth Observation Satellites; 国際地球観測衛星委員会 CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations CERES Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (sensor of Terra) CERFACS European Centre for Research and Advanced Training in Scientific Computation (France) CEReS Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (Chiba Univ.); 環境リモートセンシング研究センター CES Cryospheric Environmental Simulator (NIED/Shinjo) CESBIO Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphere CFC Chlorofluorocarbons; フロン CGCM Coupled General Circulation Model; 大気海洋結合大循環モデル CGER Center for Global Environmental Research (NIES); 地球環境研究センター CGI Common Gateway Interface. CGMS Co-ordination Group for Meteorological Satellites CHAOS Coupled Hemisphere Atmospheric Oscillation CHASM CHAmeleon Surface Model (GSWP participating model) CIA Central Intelligence Agency (USA) CIAP Climate Impact Assessment Program CIESIN Center for Earth Science Information Network (Columbia University, USA) CIGNET Cooperative International GPS Network CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (Univ. Colorado, USA) CISK Conditional Instability of the Second Kind CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CLASS Canadian Land Surface Scheme (GSWP participating model);;Cross-chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding System CLIMAP Climate: Long-range Investigation, Mapping and Prediction CLIMBER Climate-Biosphere Model CLIMPACTS Integrated Model for Assessment of the Effects of Climate Change on the New Zealand Environment CLIPS ?Climate Information and Prediction Services (project of WCP) CLIVAR Climate Variability and Predictability Programme (WCRP); 気候変動性及び予測可能性研究計画 CLIWA-NET Cloud LIquid WAter NETwork (an EU project) CLM Common Land Model (GSWP participating model) CLiC Climate and Cryosphere CMA Chinese Meteorological Administration CMAP CPC Merged analysis of Precipitation CMAQ Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model CMC Canadian Meteorological Centre CMDL Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory of NOAA (USA) CMI Composited Microwave Index CMIP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project CMS Convention on Migratory Species CNES Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales (French National Center for Space Studies) CNRM Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (France) CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) COADS Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set COAGMET Colorado Agricultural Meteorology (CSU) COARE Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA); 大気海洋応答実験 CODIAC Cooperative Distributed Interactive Atmospheric Catalog COE Center of Excellence COHMAP Co-operative Holocene Mapping Project COLA Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies COMET Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education and Training COMNAP Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs CONICET Center for Sea and Atmosphere Research of Argentina COP Conference of the Parties (to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change) CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture CORINE Coordinator of Information of the Environment COSAM Comparison of Large-scale Atmospheric Sulphate Aerosol Model COSMIC Country Specific Model for Intertemporal Climate COSMOS-G2 COntinuous Strain MOnitoring System with GPS by GSI COSPAR Committee on Space Research COWL Cold Ocean Warm Land CPC Climate Prediction Center (NOAA) CPPC Core Project Planning Committee (IGBP); コアプロジェクト計画委員会 CPROF GRP Working Group on Column Profiling CPTEC Center for Weather and Climate Forecasting (Brazil) (Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climaticos) CRCES Center for Research on the Changing Earth System (USA) CREAM Climatic REsearch on Asian Monsoon CREH ?Cryosphere Research on Himalaya (Nepal - Japan) CREQ Cryoshpere Research on Qingzang Plateau (China - Japan) CREST Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; 戦略的基礎研究推進事業 CRF Cloud Radiative Forcing CRL Communications Research Laboratory (JAPAN); 郵政省通信総合研究所; Communications Research Laboratory (Thailand) CRMs Cloud Resolving Models CRU Climatic Research Unit (School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia) CRYOSat Cryosphere Satellite CRYSYS Cryosohere System in Canada CRaM Combined Radiometric Correction Model CSA ; カナダ宇宙庁;;Continental-Scale Affiliate CSE Continental-Scale Experiment (GEWEX/GHP) CSG Climate Scenario Generator CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India) CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial and Research Organization (Australia) CSM Climate System Model (NCAR) CSRM Cloud-System Resolving Model CSTP (Japanese) Council for Science and Technology Policy CSU Colorado State University (USA) CSV Comma Separated Value format CTBTO Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization CTM Chemical Transport Model CU Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) CVPR Calimate Variations Research Program (FRSGC) CWR Center for Water Research (University of Western Australia) Caro-COOPS Carolinas Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction System CoML Census of Marine Life DAAC Distributed Active Archive Center (GAME, GCIP, NSIDC, EROS, etc.);; Data and Access Center DACOM Data Collection and Management Committee DACSC Data and Communications Steering Committee (of Ocean.US) DAN Digital Asia Network (Prof. R. Yokoyama promoted) DAO Data Assimilation Office (NASA) DAPHNE Deployment of Asia-Pacific Hazard-mitigation Network for Earthquakes and volcanoes (Japan) DARF Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing DAT Digital Audio Tape (= 4mm tape) DAWEX Darwin Area Wave Experiment DB Data Base; データ・ベース DBH Diameter at Breast Height; 胸高直径 DCD-file Decorded Data file (world aerological and etc data via GTS in JMA); デコードファイル DCP Data Collecting Platform; 通報局 DCW Digital Chart of the World (NIMA) DDC Data Distribution Centre of IPCC DEEPSTAR DEep-crust Exploration Program for Subsurface Terrain Animalcule Retrieval; 極限環境生物フロンティア研究システム DEM Digital Elevation Model DEMETER Development of a European Mutimodel Ensemble system for seasonal to inTERannal prediction (ディミータ計画) DEMs Digital elevation models DERF Dynamical Extended Range Forecasting group of GFDL (USA) DFD-DLR The German Remote Sensing Data Center for Atmosphere and Land DFIR Double Fence Inter-comparison Reference DFT Discrete Fourier Transform DGM Director General of Meteorology (IMD) DGVM Dynamic Global Vegetation Model DHM Department of Hydrology & Meteorology, Nepal DIAL Differential Absorption Lidar DIC Dissolved Inorganic Carbon DID Department of Irrigation and Drainage (Malaysia) DIS Data & Information System (IGBP); データ及び情報システム DIVERSITAS International Programme of Biodiversity Science (IGBP); 生物多様性国際共同研究計画 DIWPA DIVERSITAS Western Pacific and Asia (IGBP); DIVERSITAS西太平洋・アジア DJF December-January-February DKRZ Deutsche KlimaRechenZentrum (Germany) DLR Deutschen Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (Germany Aerospace Center) DLT Digital Linear Tape DM Digital Mapping DMA Decision Making Algorithm;; Defence Mapping Agency (USA) (curent NIMA) DME Dipole Mode Event DMS Dimethylsulfide DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program DMSS Date Management and Service System DN Digital Number DNM Department of Numerical Mathematics (Russia) DNMET Departamento Nacional de Meteorologia (Brazil) DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon DODS Distributed Oceanographic Data System (GSWP-2) DOE Department of Energy (USA) DOE-ARM US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Mearsurement DORIS Determination d’Orbite et Radiopositionnement Integres par Satellite DOY Day of the Year DPRI Disaster Prevention Research Institute (Kyoto University) DRF Direct Radiative Forcing DSS Decision Support System DTR Diurnal Temperature Range DVD Digital Variable Disc DVM Dynamic Vegetation Models DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst (German Weather Service) DYNAMO Dynamics of North Atlantic Models DecCen Decadal to Centennial Variations (CLIVAR's project) E Evaporation (蒸発) E-MAIL Electronic Mail; 電子メール(電子メイル) E-P Evapotranspiration (or Evaporation) minus Precipitation EA Environmental Agency EAFES East Asian Federation of Ecological Societies EAR Equatorial Atmosphere Radar EASE-Grid Equal Area Scalable Earth Grid EBM Energy Balance Model EC European Community ECHAM European Centre / Hamburg Model (an A-GCM) ECMWF European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (UK); ヨーロッパ中期予報センター ECRP Ecosystem Change Research Program (in FRSGC) ECS EOSDIS Core System;; Effective Climate Sensitivity ECVs Essential climate variables EDA Eta Data Assimilation EDAS Eta Model Data Assimilation System EDC EROS Data Center EDC DAAC EROS Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center EDGAR Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research EDOS Earth Data Operations System EEA European Environmental Agency EEOC Earth Environment Observation Committee (Japan) EEPCo Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation EERS European Remote Sensing Satellite EFEDA European Field Experiment in Desertified Areas EFOV Effective Field of View;; Expanded Field of View;; Extended Field of View EGAT Electric Generation Authority of Thailand EGDM Ecosystem Geographical Distribution Model Group (in ECRP/FRSGC) EGPM European Global Precipitation Measurement Mission EGS European Geophysical Society EISMINT European Ice Sheet Modelling initiative EMC Environmental Modeling Center EMD Empirical Mode Decomposition EMDI Ecosystem Model/Data Intercomparison EMEX Equatorial Mesoscale Experiment EMIC Earth system Models of Intermediate Complexity EMSEA Environmental Monitoring from Space of East Asia (Japan-Korea-China) ENRICH European Network for Research in Global Change; 欧州地球変化研究 ENSO El Nino and Southern Oscillation; エルニーニョと南方振動 ENVISAT European Space Agency Environmental Satellite EO Earth Observation EOF Emprical Orthogonal Functions EOP Enhanced Observing Period EORC Earth Observation Research Center (NASDA, Japan) EOS Earth Observing System (A project in NASA including Satellite program);; Earth Observing Satellite;; Earth Observing Summit EOSDIS Earth Observing System Data and Information System EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA-STORETUS Environmental Protection Agency Storage and Retrieval EPIC Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (onboard sensor of Triana) ERA ECMWF Reanalysis ERA-40 ECMWF Reanalysis-40 ERB Earth Radiation Budget ERBE Earth's Radiation Budget Experiment; 地球放射収支実験 ERBS Earth's Radiation Budget Satellite; 地球放射収支衛星 ERC Environmental Reseach Center (University of Tsukuba; current TERC); 水理実験センター ERM Earth Radiation Mission (ESA) EROS Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS data center);;Earth Remote Observation System ERS Earth Resources Satellite (Japan);; Earth Remote Sensing Satellite;; European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS2 European Remote-Sensing Satellite 2 ERSDAC Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center (Japan) ERTS Earth Resources Technology Satellite ES Earth Simulator; 地球シミュレーター ESA European Space Agency (The Netherlands); 欧州宇宙機関 ESC Earth Simulator Center; 地球シミュレーターセンター ESCAP Economic & Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCAPE Evaluation of Strategies to Address Climate Change by Adapting to and Preventing Emissions ESDIM Earth Science Data and Information (NOAA);;Environmental Sevices Data and Information Management ESMR Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer ESOP Enhanced Seasonal Observation Period ESP Extended Streamflow Prediction ESSP Earth System Science Partnership;; Earth System Science Pathfinder (NASDA) ESTAR Electronically Scanned Thinned Array Radiometer ESTO Earth Science & Technology Organization (Japan); 地球科学技術推進機構 ET Evapotranspiration; 蒸発散 ETH Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule; スイス国立工科大学; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETL NOAA's Environmental Technology Laboratory ETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus ETO Extended Time Observation (HUBEX) ETRI Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (Korea) EU pattern Eurasian pattern (a teleconnection pattern) EUC Equatorial Undercurrents EUCOS EUMETNET Composite Observing System EUG European Union of Geosciences EUMETNET The Network of European Meteorological Services EUMETSAT European Meteorological Satellite;; European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites EURECA European Retrievable Carrier EVE Environmental Variable Extractor (the data processor of PAM III) EVI Enhanced Vegetation Index EWS Engineering Work Station; ワークステーション Earth-CARE Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer (ESA-NASDA joint proposal for next space mission) F-NET Full Range Seismograph Network (Japan) FAA New Focus on Atmospheric Aerosol Project;; Federal Aviation Administration FAC Full Aperture Solar Calibrator (also FASC) FACE Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation (UN) FAPAR Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (=FPAR) FAQ Frequently Asked Question FAS Fourier smoothing Algorithms and Solar zenith angle FASIR Fourier Adjusted, Solar zenith angle correction, Interpolation, and Reconstruction FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change; 国際連合気候変動枠組条約 FDDA Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation; 4次元データ同化 FDH Fixed Dynamical Heating FEOS Forum for Earth Observation Satellite; 宇宙からの地球観測を考える会 (established June 2002) FF Fossil Fuel FFPRI Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (Japan) FFT Fast Fourier Transform FGAN Forschungsgesellschaft fur Angewandte Naturwissenschaften e. V. FGDC U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee FGGE First GARP Global Experiment FHR Forschungsinstitut fur Hochfrequenzphysik und Radartechnik FIFE First ISLSCP Field Experiment FIRE First ISCCP Regional Experiment;; First International Radiation Experiment FLIR Forward-Looking Infrared Imagery FMCW Frequency Modulated, Continuous Wave FNOC Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Center FORSGC Frontier Observational Research System for Gobal Change (地球観測フロンティア研究システム) FOV Field of View FPAR Fraction of Photosynthetic Active Radiation (=FAPAR);;Plant-absorbed Fraction of Incoming Photosynthetically Active Radiation FRA Forest Resources Assessment (a program in FAO) FRCGC Frontier Research Center for Global Change (formerly FRSGC (from July 2004)); 地球環境フロンティア研究センター FRIEND Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data (UNESCO) FRIM Forestry Research Institute Malaysia FRSGC Frontier Research System for Global Change (currently FRCGC); 地球フロンティア研究システム (地球環境フロンティア研究センター) FSL Forecast Systems Laboratory FSU Former Soviet Union FTIR Fourier-transform Infrared spectrophotometer FTP File Transfer Protocol FUSE Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer FY Fiscal Year FY-2 Feng Yun -2 (China) FluxNet Flux Tower Network FrAM Frontier Atmosphere Model GABLS GEWEX Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study GAC Global Area Coverage (a format of NOAA/AVHRR data) GACP Global Aerosol Climatology Project (GEWEX) GAIM Global Analysis, Interpretation, and Modelling (IGBP); 地球規模の解析，解釈及びモデリング GAIN GAME Archive and Information Network; GAMEデータセット・情報ネットワーク GAME GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment (GEWEX); アジアモンスーンエネルギー・水循環研究観測計画 GAME-T GAME Tropics GANAL Global Analysis (global objective analysis data of JMA) GAPP GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (Formerly GCIP; ジーエーピーピー) GARP Global Atmospheric Research Programme (current WCRP); 地球大気開発計画 GASP Global Assimilation and Prediction GATE GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment GATS Global Applications and Transferability Strategy GAVICS Global AVHRR Image Compositing System (PaNDA Committee) GAW Global Atmospheric Watch (WMO) GBA Global Biodiversity Assessment GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility GCC GAME Coodination Committee (India) GCDIS Global Change Data Information System GCIP GEWEX Continental-scale International Project (GEWEX) GCIS GCIP Central Information Source GCM General Circulation Model; 大循環モデル; Global Climate Model;; Global Circulation Model GCMD Global Change Master Directory GCOM Global Change Observation Mission (JAXA) GCOS Global Climate Observation System (WMO/IOC/UNEP/ICSU); 全球気候観測システム; GCP Ground Control Point (Mapping for satellite image) GCR Galactic Cosmic Ray GCRMN Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network GCRP Global Change Research Program GCSS GEWEX Cloud System Study GCTE Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (IGBP); 地球変化と陸域生態系 GCTM Global Chemical Transport Model GCTP Global Coordinate Transformation Package GDAS Global Data Assimilation System GDP Gross Domestic Product GDS Global Daily Summary (CD-ROM);; GrADS-DODS Server (COLA) GDS GrADS-DODS Server GEBA Global Surface Energy Balance Archive; 全球熱収支アーカイブ GECAFS Global Environmental Change and Food Systems GEDEX Greenhouse Effect Detection Experiment (NASA) GEIA Global Emissions Inventory Activity GEISA Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques Atmospheriques GEMS Global Environmental Monitoring System (UNEP, WHO) GEO Earth Observation Summit ad-hoc Group on Earth Observations;; Group on Earth Observations;; Global Earth Outlook (UNEP) GEO-CHEM (全球3次元化学物質輸送モデルの名称) GEONET GPS Earth Observation Network (Japan) GEOS Goddard Earth Observing System (USA);; Geodetic Earch Orbiting Satellite GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of Systems GERP Global Environmental Research Program (JEA) GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (WCRP,ICSU,IOC); 全球エネルギー・水循環研究計画 GFD Geophysical Fluid Dynamics GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; 米国地球流体力学研究所 GGD Global Geocryological Database GHCC Global Hydrology Climate Center GHCN Global Historical Climatology Network (dataset produced by NCDC and CDIAC) GHG Greenhouse Gases; 温室効果気体 GHP GEWEX Hydrometeorological Panel GHRC Global Hydrology Resource Center GIAM Global Integrated Assessment Models GIDS GCIP Initial Data Set GIM Global Integration and Modelling GIMMS Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Studies (NASA/GSFC) GIN Global Image Network (CEReS) GIPSY GPS Inferred Positioning System (NASA/JPL) GIS Geographic Information System GISP (transitional name of GAME-ISP);; Greenland Ice Sheet Project;; Global Invasive Species Programme GISRS GAME International Sub-panel for Remote Sensing GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies; ゴダード宇宙研究所 GISST Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature GIST GCIP Integrated Systems Test GISTDA Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Developement Agency of Thailand GL Group Leader GLA Goddard Laboratory for Atmosphere GLACE Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GMPP project; グラッチェ) GLAS GEWEX Land-surface Atmosphere Study GLASS Global Land Atmosphere System Study (GEWEX) GLC 2000 Global Land Cover 2000 GLDAS Global Land Data Assimilation System GLF Greenleaf Fraction GLI Global Imager (ADEOS II sensor) GLIS Global Land Information System (USGS) GLOBE Global One-km Base Elevation;; Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment GLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Project (of the IGBP) GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (Russia ) GLORI Global Registration of Land-Ocean River Inputs GLOSS Global Sea Level Observing System GLP Global Land Project (proposed by IGBP and IHDP) GMA Global Marine Assessment GMAO (NASA) Global Modeling and Assimilation Office GMES Global Monitoring for Environmental and Security GMPP GEWEX Modeling and Prediction Panel GMS Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (Japan); 静止気象衛星 (ひまわり) GMT Greenwich Mean Time; ; Generic Mapping Tools GNEP GEWEX Numerical Experimentation Panel GNIP Global Network of Isotope in Precipitation GOALS Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Program (CLIVAR) GOCART Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation Transport GOCE Gravity filed and steady state Ocean Circulation Mission GODAE Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment GODAI Global Ocean Assimilation Experiment GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (USA) GOFC-GOLD Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics GOIN Global Observation Information Network (JST); 地球観測情報ネットワーク GOOS Global Ocean Observing System (hosted by IOC) GOS Global Observing System (WMO) GOSAT Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (JAXA) GPC Global Processing Center GPCC Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (Germany) GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GEWEX); 全球降水気候計画 GPI GOES Precipitation Index; ; Global Precipitation Index GPM Global Precipitation Measurement (NASA) GPP Gross Primary Productivity;; Gross Primary Production GPS Global Positioning System; 汎地球測位システム GPS/Met Global Positioning System/Meteorology GPV Grid Point Values GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment GRASS Geographical Resource Analysis Support System GRDC Global Runoff Data Centre (Germany) GREDS GCIP Reference Data Set GRIB Grid point values expressed in binary form GRID Global Resource Information Database (NIES) GRIP Greenland Ice Core Project GRL Geophysical Research Letter GRNS Global Research Network System (supported by STA, Japan) GRP GEWEX Radiation Panel GSCC GEWEX Cloud System Studies GSDI Global Spatial Data Infrastructure GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA) GSN GCOS Surface Network GSR Global Solar Radiation GSWP Global Soil Wetness Project (GEWEX) GTDC Ground Truth Data Collection GTN-H Global Terrestrial Network for Hydrology GTOS Global Terrestrial Observation System; 全球陸面観測システム GTS Global Telecommunications System GUAN GCOS Upper Air Network GUI Graphical User Interface GVI Global Vegetaion Index; 全球植生指数 GVaP GEWEX Water Vapor Project GWC Global Water Cycle GWCP Global Water Cycle Program GWE Global Weather Experiment GWEBS Global Water and Energy Budget Study GWEC Global Water and Energy Cycle GWP Global Warming Potential; 温室効果能 GWSP Global Water System Project GeoHab Marine Geological and Biological Habitat Mapping GeoTIFF Geographic Tagged Image File Format GrADS Grid Analysis and Display System (by COLA) HAIL Hydrosphere and Atmosphere Interaction Laboratory (Nagaoka University of Technology); 地球環境研究室 (長岡技術科学大学 環境・建設系) HALOE Halogen Occultation Experiment (onboard sensor of UARS NASA) HAPEX Hydrological Atmospheric Pilot Experiment (France) HAPEX-Sahel Hydrology-Atmosphere Pilot Experiment in the Sahel HCRP Hydrological Cycle Research Program (in FRSGC) HDF Hierarchical Data Format HDP Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Programme (ISSC); 地球環境変化の人間的次元の研究計画 HEIFE Heihe river basin Field Experiment (Japan - China) HELP Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy HIRETYCS High Resolution Ten-Year Climate Simulations HIRIS High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer HIRS High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder HITRAN High Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database HLM High Latitude Mode HNLC High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll HPCN High Plains Climate Network HPRFCC High Plains Regional Climate Center HPV Heat Pulse Velocity HQC Horizontal Quality Control HRBM High Resolution Biosphere Model HRDF Hemispherical Directional Reflectance Factors HRPT High Resolution Picture Transmission (NOAA satellite) HRV High Resolution Visible Imaging System (SPOT) HRVIR High Resolution Visible Infrared (SPOT) HSB Humidity Sounder for Brazil (NASA and AEB) HSDSD Historical Soviet Daily Snow Depth (CD-ROM data by NSIDC) HTML Hypertext Markup Language HTTP Hypertext Transport Protocol HUAEX South China Heacy Rainfall Experiment HUBEX Huai River Basin Experiment (GAME) HWRP Hydrology and Water Resources Program (WMO) HYDROS Hydrosphere State Mission HadCM Hadley Centre Coupled Model HadCM3 Third Hadley Centre Coupled Climate Model Hi-NET Hi-sensitive Seismograph Network (Japan) IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IAG International Association of Geodesy IAGA International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy IAHS International Association of Hydrological Sciences IAI Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research; 汎アメリカ地球変化研究; Independent Administrative Institution; 独立行政法人 IAMAP International Association for Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics IAMAS International Association for Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences IAP Institute of Atmospheric Physics (China) IAPSO International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean IARC International Arctic Research Center (Alaska, USA-Japan); 国際北極圏研究センター IAS Image Assessment System IASB Institut d’Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique (Belgium) IASPEI International Association Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior IAUC International Association for Urban Climate IAVCEI International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior IBIS Integrated Biosphere Simulator IBMN International Biodiversity Monitoring Network IBPC Institute of Bioilogical Problems of Cryolithozone (Republic of Sakha) IC Internal Calibrator ICARUS Interagency Climate-Aerosol Radiative Uncertainties and Sensitivities Programme ICC Inter-Comparison Center (GSWP-2); 相互比較センター ICE-CREAM International Cooperative Experiment for Climatic REsearch on Asian Monsoon ICESat Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite ICG Institut fur Chemie und Dynamik der Geophare (Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere) ICRCCM Intercomparison of Radiation Codes used in Climate Models ICSI International Commission on Snow and Ice ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions; 国際学術連合 ICWLC International Liquid Water Content IEA International Energy Agency IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IFC Intensive Field Campaign IFO Intensive Field Observation (HUBEX) IFOV Instantaneous Field of View IFRC/RCS International Federation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies IFREE Institute for Frontier Research on Earth Evolution; 固体地球統合フロンティア研究システム IGAC International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Programme (IGBP); 地球大気化学国際共同研究計画 IGACO Intergrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations IGARSS International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme; 地球圏−生物圏国際共同研究計画 IGBP-DIS IGBP Data and Information System IGCR Institute for Global Change Research (FRSGC); 地球変動研究所(地球フロンティア研究システム) IGES Institute of Global Environment and Society (COLA);;Institute for Global Environmental Strategies; 財団法人 地球環境戦略研究機関 IGOS Integrated Global Observing Strategy IGOS-P Integrated Global Observation Strategy Partnership (includes CEOS, FAO, GCOS, GOOS, GOS/GAW, GTOS, ICSU, IGBP, IGFA, IOC, UNESCO, UNEP, WCRP, WMO) IGPO International GEWEX Project Office IGRAC International Groundwater Resources Assessment Center IGS International GPS service for Geodynamics; 国際GPS地球力学事業 IGWCO Integrated Global Water Cycle Observations IGY International Geophysical Year; 国際地球観測年 IHAS Institute for Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Sciences (Nagoya University); 大気水圏科学研究所 IHD International Hydrological Decade (FRIEND) IHDP International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (ICSUなどが主導している研究計画) IHP International Hydrological Programme IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Austria); 国際応用システム研究所 IIS Institute of Industrial Science (University of Tokyo); 生産技術研究所; ; インド科学大学 IITA Institute of INformation Technology Assessment IJB International Journal of Biometeorology IJC International Journal of Climatology IJRS International Journal of Remote Sensing IKI Институт Космических Исследований (Space Research Institute, Russia) IKONOS (is derived from the Greek word for "image," and according to the Earth Observation Magazine, the name is pronounced "Eye-KOH-nos.") ILAS Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (onboard sensor of ADEOS); 改良型大気周縁分光計 ILEAPS International Land Ecosystem-Atmospheric Processes Study IMAGE Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment IMBER Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research IMCET Ishigaki/Miyako Compaign Experiment for TRMM (NASDA/JMA/CRL) IMD India Meteorological Department IMG Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases (onboard sensor of ADEOS); 温室効果気体センサ IMGRASS Inner Mongolia Grassland-Atmosphere Surface Study (USA-China) IMH Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (Mongolia) IMOP Intensive Model Output Period IN Ice Nuclei INCA Interhemispheric Differences in Cirrus Properties from Anthropogenic Emissions INDOEX Indian Ocean Experiment INFORSE International Network for Sustainable Energy INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Brazil) INSAT Indian Satellite for Meteorology, Communication and Broadcasting (India) INSU Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO); 政府間海洋学委員会 IOCCP International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project IOD Indian Ocean Dipole IOH Institute of Hydrology IOP Intensive Observation Period; 集中観測期間 IOP2000 Intensive Observation Period in 2000 (GAME-Siberia) IORGC Institute of Observational Research for Global Change (formerly FORSGC); 地球環境観測研究センター IOZM Indian Ocean Zonal Model IP Implementation Plan (GAME); 実行計画; Internet Protocol IPA International Permafrost Association IPAR Interceptual Photosynthetically Active Radiation IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; 気候変動に関する政府間パネル IPO International Project Office (GAME);; Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation IPOP International Polar Orbiting Platform IPR Intellectual Property Rights IPRC International Pacific Research Center (Hawaii, USA-Japan); 国際太平洋研究センター IPSL Istitut Pierre Simon Laplace IPSL-CM Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Vegetation Model IPWG International Precipitation WG IR Infrared; 赤外 IRAP ISLSCP Retrospective Analysis Program IRE-CPSSI IRE RAS Center of Processing and Storing Space Information (Russia) IRI International Research Institute for Seasonal to Interannual Climate Prediction (Indonesia);; International Research Institute for Climate Prediction (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades NY);; Interdisciplinary Research Initiative;; IRI International Research Institute IRICP Internaitonal Research Institute for Climate Prediction IRIS Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer IRS Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IS Initial System (GAIN) ISA Intermediate Scale Area ISA-MEIDA Israel Space Agency-Middle East Interactive Data Archive ISAM Integrated Science Assessment Model ISARM Internationally Shared (Transboundary) Aquifer Resources Management ISAS Institute of Space and Astronautical Science; 宇宙科学研究所 (merged with JAXA in Oct, 2003) ISBA Interactions between Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere (GSWP participating model) ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (GEWEX); 国際衛星雲気候計画 ISCGM International Steering Committee for Global Mapping ISDR International Strategy for Disaster Reduction ISLSCP International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project ISO International Standards Organization;; International Organization for Standardization ISP International Science Panel (GAME); 国際科学パネル ISPRS International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ISRO Indian Space Research Organization; インド宇宙研究機関 ISRS International Symposium on Remote Sensing (Japan-Korea-China) ISS International Space Station ISSC International Social Sciences Council; 国際社会科学協議会 ISSCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project ISTC International Science and Technology Center (Russia) IT Information Technology ITC Intertropical Convergence; 熱帯収束 ITCT Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone; 熱帯収束帯 ITEX International Tundra Experiment ITOY International Tropical Ozone Year ITU International Telecommunication Union ITU-R Radio Communication Sector of the International Telecommunicat ion Union ITWG International TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder Working Group IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IWC International Waterbird Census IWESSAPR International Workshop on Earth Science Study in Asia-Pacific Region IWG Interagency Working Group IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management InSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar J-SAR JERS-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar JAM Journal of Applied Meteorology (USA) JAMSTEC Japan Marine Science and Technology Center; 海洋科学技術センター ; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (from April 1, 2004); (独立行政法人)海洋研究開発機構 JANAL Japan Analysis (objective analysis data around Japan of JMA) JARQ Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly (国際農林水産業研究センター) JARS Japan Association of Remote Sensing JAS Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (USA) JASMINE Joint Air-Sea Monsoon Interaction Experiment JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (formerly NASDA etc; pronounced "Jacksa"); 宇宙航空研究開発機構 JCC Joint Coordination Committee; 共同調整会議 JCOPE Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment JEA Japan Environmental Agency; 環境庁 JEM Japan Experiment Module JERS-1 Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (Japan); 地球資源衛星1号「ふよう1号」 JEXAM Japanese Experiment on Asian Monsoon (STA) (=PJCAMM) JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (IGBP); 共同地球規模海洋フラックス研究 JGR Journal of Geophysical Research JIRCAS Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences JISTEC Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center JJA June-July-August JMA Japan Meteorological Agency; 気象庁 JMSJ Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan; 気象集誌 JOS Oceanographic Society of Japan; 日本海洋学会 JOSS Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR) JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA); ジェット推進研究所 JPS Joint Planning Staff (for WCRP) JRC Joint Research Centre (of European Commission) JSC Joint Scientific Committee; 合同企画委員会 JSM Japan Spectrum Model (JMA) JSPS Japan Society for Promotion of Science JST Japan Science and Technology Corporation JTST Joint TRMM Science Team; 日米合同TRMMサイエンスチーム JWA Japan Weather Association; 日本気象協会 JWP Joint Water Project K-NET/KiK-NET Kyoshin Network/Kiban Kyoshin Network (Japan) KARI Korea Aero Space Research Institute KB Kilo Byte KIGAM Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources KJRS Korean Journal of Remote Sensing KKU Khon Kaen University (Thailand) KLM NOAA-K, NOAA-L, and NOAA-M KMA Korea Meteorological Administration KMITL King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (Thailand) KMITT King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Thonburi (Thailand) KNMI Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (Netherlands) KOFST The Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies KOMPSAT Korean Multi-Purpose Satellite KORMEX Korean Monsoon Experiment KRF Korea Research Foundation Institute KSRS Korean Society of Remote Sensing KU Katsesaert Univerisity (Thailand) LAC Local Area Coverage (a format of NOAA/AVHRR data) LAI Leaf Area Index; 葉面積指数 LAII Land-Atmosphere-Ice Integration (USA-NSF) LAN Local Area Network LANDSAT Land Remote Sensing Satellite (USA) LAPAN National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Indonesia); インドネシア航空宇宙庁; Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional LAPS Lower Atmosphere Precipitation Study;; Local Analysis Prediction System LASG State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (China) LASMOG Large Area Soil Moisture Observation on the Ground LASUR Land Surface Reflectances (an algorithm) LBA Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (GEWEX) LBRI Lake Biwa Research Institute (Shiga Prefecture, Japan); 琵琶湖研究所 LCCS Land Cover Classification System LCL Lifting Condensation Level; 持ち上げ凝結高度 LCLUC Land Cover Land Use Change (a project in NASA) LDAS Land Data Assimilation Systems (NASA) LDD Land Development Department (Thailand) LEAF Land-Ecosystem-Atmosphere Feedback LED Light Emitting Diode; 発光ダイオード LEO Low Earth Orbit LES Large Eddy Simulation LGGE Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l’Environnement (France) LGM Last Glacial Maximum LIGG Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology (China) LIPAP Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atmospheric Physics (China); 蘭州高原大気物理学研究所 LIS Lightning Imaging Sensor; 雷観測装置 LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA) LMD Laboratorie de Meteorologie Dynamique; フランス気象庁 LOC Local Organizing Committee LOICZ Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zones (IGBP); 海岸・沿岸域における陸域海域の相互作用 LOP Long-Term Observing Period LOSU Level of Scientific Understanding LPGS Level-1 Product Generation System LPJ Land-Potsdam-Jena Terrestrial Carbon Model LPS Landsat Processing System LSA Large-Scale Area LSAT Land Surface Air Temperature LSB Land and Sea Breeze; 海陸風 LSG Large-Scale Geostrophic Ocean Model LSM Land Surface Model LSP Land Surface Process;; Land Surface Parameterisation; Land Surface Parameterization LSS Land Surface Scheme LST Local Standard Time;地方標準時; Local Solar (or Sun) Time; 地方太陽時; Land Surface Temperature; 地表面温度 LT Lifetime LTAP Long-Term Acquisition Plan LTER (Jornada) Long Term Ecological Research (southern New Mexico) LUCC Land Use/Cover Change (IGBP-HDP project); 土地利用・被覆変化 LUE Light Use Efficiency LW Long Wave LWP Liquid Water Path LaD Land Dynamics (GSWP participating model) LaRC NASA Langley Research Center Lake-ICE Lake Induced Convection and Evaporation Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation LiDAR Light detection and ranging MAB Man and Biosphere Programme of UNESCO MAGICC Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change MAGS Mackenzie GEWEX Study MAM March, April, May MAP Meso-scale Alpine Programme MAPS Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction Systems MARS Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines MASTER MODIS/ASTER MATSIRO Minimal Advanced Treatments of Surface Interaction and RunOff MB Mega Byte MCS Mesoscale Convective System MCSST Multi-Channel Sea Surface Temperature MDB Murray-Darling Basin Water Budget Project (GEWEX) MDG Millennium Development Goals MDPS Mass Data Processing System (facility of ESC) MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreement MECCA Model Evaluation Consortium for Climate Assessment MECMWF Modified Version ECMWF land surface scheme MERIS Medium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer MESA Monsoon Experiment in South America (GEWEX) MESSC Ministry of Education, Scinece, Sports, and Culture (Japan); 文部省 MESSR Multispectral Electronic Self-Scanning Radiometer; 可視近赤外放射計 METEOSAT European Meteorological Satellite (ESA) METI Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; 経済産業省 METOP ESA Operational Meteorological Satellite Series METRI Meterological Research Institute (Korea) MEXT Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan); 文部科学省 MFC Moisture Flux Convergence MGO Main Geophysical Observatory (Russia) MHS Microwave Humidity Sounder MICOS Meteorological Information Comprehensive Online System (JWA) MIMR Multifrequency Imaging Microwave Sounder MINoSGI Multi-layered Integrated Numerical Model of Surface Physics - Growing Plants Interaction MIP Model Intercomparison Project MIRAGE Megacity Impact on Regional and Global Environment MISR Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan); 通商産業省 MJO Madden-Julian Oscillation MJO Madden-Julian Oscillation ML Mailing List; メイリングリスト; Mixing Layer; 混合層 MLOPEX Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment MLT Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere MM5 Mesoscale Model 5 (Fifth generation mesoscale model of NCAR/PSU) MMF Multi-Scale Modeling Framework MMS Malaysia Meteorological Service MODIS Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (onboard sensor of Terra and Aqua (EOS)) MOGUNTIA Model of the General Universal Tracer Transport in the Atmosphere MOLTS MOdel Location Time Series MOM Modular Ocean Model MOM3 Modular Ocean Model Version 3 MONEX Monsoon Experiment (WMO/GARP in 1979) MONTBLEX ; モンスーントラフ境界層観測計画 MOPEP Model Parameter Estimation Project MOPEX Model Parameter Estimation Experiment MOPITT Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (Onboard sensor of Terra) MORDS Model Output Reduced Data Set MOS Model Output Statistics MOS-1 Marine Observation Satellite-1 (Japan); 海洋観測衛星1号 MOSES Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme (GSWP participating model, UK) MOU Memorandum of Understanding; 覚書 MOZAIC Measurement of Ozone from Airbus in-Service Aircraft MOZART Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group MPI Max-Planck Institute Meteorology (Germany) MPL Micro Pulse Lidar; マイクロパルスライダー MRF Medium-Range Forecast MRFFT(mrFFT) Mixed Radix FFT MRI Meteorological Research Institute (JMA); 気象研究所; Mitsubishi Research Institute; 三菱総合研究所 MSAVI Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index MSCD Mirror Scan Correction Data MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center MSG METEOSAT Second Generation MSJ Meteorological Society of Japan; 日本気象学会 MSLP Mean Sea Level Pressure MSS Multispectral Scanners; Mass Storage System MST Radar Mesosphere , Stratosphere, Troposphere Radar MSU Microwave Sounding Unit MT Magnetic Tape; 磁気テープ MTS Meteorological Telecommunication System; MTS雪氷研究所 MTSAT Multi-functional Transport Satellite MVC Maximum Value Composite MWL Metric Water Level McICA Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation Mosaic (a land surface model created by Randal Koster, NASA/GSFC) N/A Not Applicable NADW North Atlantic Deep Water NAL National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (merged with JAXA in Oct, 2003); 航空宇宙技術研究所 NAM Northern (Hemispher) Annular Mode; 北半球環状モード NAME North America Monsoon Experiment (GEWEX) NAO North Atlantic Oscillation NARE North Atlantic Regional Experiment NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA); アメリカ航空宇宙局 NASDA National Space Development Agency of Japan; 宇宙開発事業団 NASS National Agricultural Statistics Service NAWDEX National Water Data Exchange NBP Net Biome Prodution NC The Japan National Committee for GAME NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA); 国立大気研究センター NCC National Climate Center (China) NCDC National Climate Data Center (USA) NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction (USA; formerly NMC) NCGIA National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications NCSS National Cooperative Soil Survey NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; 正規化植生指数 NDWI Normalized Difference Water Index NEE Net Ecosystem Exchange NEESPI Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative NEG Numerical Experimentation Group NEMURO North pacific Ecosystem Model Used for Rgional Oceanography NEP Net Ecosystem Production NERC National Environmental Research Council (UK) NERIN Northern Eurasia Regional Information Network (a sub-project of NEESPI) NERSC National Energy Research Supercomputing Center NES Northern Eurasian Study (IGBP) NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NOAA) NEXRAD Next Generation Radar (WSR-88D) NGDC National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA) NGM Nested Grid Model NGO Non-governmental Organization NH Nothern Hemisphere NHM Non Hydrostatic Model NIAES National Institute of Agricultural Environmental Sciences (Japan); 国立農業環境技術研究所 NIC National Ice Center of NOAA (USA) NICAM Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (FRSGC) NIDS NEXRAD Information Dissemination Service NIED National Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan); 防災科学技術研究所 NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan); 国立環境研究所 NIMA National Imagery and Mapping Agency (USA) formerly DMA (Defence Mapping Agency) NIO National Institute of Oceanography (India) NIR Near Infra-Red; 近赤外 NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA) NISTAR NIST Advanced Radiometer (onboard sonsor of Triana) NIWA National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd. (New Zealand) NMAT Night Marine Air Temperature NMC National Meteorological Center (USA) (current NCEP) NMHC Non-Methane Hydrocarbon NMRF National MST Radar Facility (ISRO (India)) NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA); 海洋大気庁; NOAA (気象衛星の名称); ノア NOAA-KLM see 'KLM' NOAA/OAR NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (United States) NOAH New Opportinities for Altimetry in Hydrology NODC National Oceanographic Data Center NOPEX Northern Hemisphere Climate Processes Land Surface Experiment (IGBP/BAHC) NOPP National Ocean Partnership Program NPN NOAA Profiler Network NPOESS National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (USA) NPP Net Primary Productivity; 純一次生産力; Net Primary Production; 純一次生産; NPOESS Preparatory Project NPZD Nutrients, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Detritus NRA NASA Research Announcement NRC National Research Council (USA) NRC/CRC National Research Council/Climate Research Committee NRCS National Resources Conservation Service NRCT National Research Council of Thailand NRL Naval Reserarch Laboratory (USA) NSCAT NASA Scatterometer (onboard sensor of ADEOS) NSERC Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) NSF National Science Foundation (USA) NSF-STC National Science Foundation-Science Technology Centers (US) NSFC National Natural Science Foundation of China NSIDC National Snow and Ice Data Center (Univ. Colorado, USA) NSIPP NASA Seasonal to Interannual Prediction Project NSL National Sedimentation Laboratory NSMC National Satellite Meteorological Center (China) NSSFC National Severe Storms Forecast Center NSSL National Severe Storms Laboratory NTSG Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (School of Forestry, The University of Montana) NUM National University of Mongolia NVAP NASA Water Vapor Project NVaP National Water Vapor Project NWIS National Water Information System NWP Numerical Weather Prediction NWRA North West Research Associates, Inc. NWS National Weather Service (NOAA) NWSFRS National Weather Service River Forecast System NZ New Zealand NetCDF Network Common Data Format OASIS Observation at Several Interacting Scales;; Oklahoma Atmospheric & Surface-layer Instrumentation System OBIS Ocean Biogeographic Information System OBW Occupied Band Width; 占有帯域幅 OC Organic Carbon OCMIP Ocean Carbon-cycle Model Intercomparison Project OCO Orbiting Carbon Observatory (US satellite for GHG observation) OCS Organic Carbonyl Sulphide OCTS Ocean Color Temperature Scanner (onboard sensor of ADEOS) OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OFES Ocean general circulation model for Earth Simulator OGC Open Geospatial Consortium OGCM Ocean General Circulation Model OGP Office of Global Programs OH Office of Hydrology OI Optimum Interpolation (a process of 4DDA) OICET Optical Inter-orbit Communications Engineering Test Satellite (NASDA) OLGA Off-line Land-surface Global Assimilation OLR Outgoing Longwave Radiation OLS Operational Linescan System (onboard sensor of DMSP, etc) ONC Operational Navigation Map (A series of 1/1,000,000 maps covered the globe) OPC Optical Particle Counter OPYC Ocean on isoPYCnal coordinates OPeNDAP Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol ORCHIDEE ORganizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic EcosystEms (GSWP participating land surface sheme) ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL-DAAC Oak Ridge National Laboratory-Distributed Active Archive Center OSMI Ocean Scanning Multispectral Imager (KOMPSAT sensor) OSTC Belgian Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs OSU Oregon State University OxComp Tropospheric Oxidant Model Comparison PAC Partial Aperture Solar Calibrator (also PASC) PACE Permafrost and Climate in Europe PACS Pan American Climate Studies PAGE Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems PAGES Past Global Changes (IGBP); 古地球環境 PAH Parametric Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAI Plant Area Index PAL Pathfinder AVHRR Land (data) PALAU Pacific Area Long-term Atmospheric observations for the Understanding climate change PALSAR Phased Array type L-band SAR (onboard sensor of ALOS) PAM III Portable Automated Mesonet III PAR Photosynthetically Active Radiation PARASOL Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences Coupled with Obersations from a Lidar PBL Planetary Boundary Layer; 惑星境界層 PC Personal Computer; パソコン PCA Principal Component Analysis PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl PCD Payload Correction Data PCM Parallel Climate Model PCMDI Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison PD Program Director PDF Probability Density Function PDO Pacific Decadal Oscillation PE Parameterization Estimation PE&RS Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing (a journal of ASPRS) PEM Pacific Exploratory Missions PERSIANN Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information usi g Artificial Neural Networks PFT Plant Functional Type PGR Post-Glacial Rebound PHIN Public Health Information Network (United States) PI Principal Investigator PICASSO Pathfinder Instruments for Cloud and Aerosol Spaceborne Observations PIES Inverted Echo Sounders with Pressure gauge PIK Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (Germany) PILPS Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes (GEWEX) PIR Precision Infrared Radiometer; 赤外放射計 PIRCS Project to Intercompare Regional Climate Situations PIUB Physics Institute University of Bern (Switzerland) PJCAMM PRC-Japan Cooperation of Asian Monsoon Mechanisms (=JEXAM); 中日アジアモンスーン機構共同研究 PLACE Parameterization for Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Exchange (GSWP participating model) PMIP Palaeoclimate Model Intercomparison Project PNA Pacific-North American (a type of teleconnection patterns) PNG Portable Network Graphics (a format of image file); ; Papua New Guinea PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (USA) POC Particulate Organic Carbon;; Point of Contact POES Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites POLDER Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectance (onboard sensor of ADEOS) POLINAT Pollution from Aircraft Emissions in the North Atlantic Flight Cooridor POM Princeton Ocean Model POP Prephase Observation Period POPCORN Photo-Oxidant Formation by Plant Emitted Compounds and OH Radicals in North-eastern Germany POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants POSS Precipitation Occurence Sensor System PPI Plan Position Indicator PPT Precipitation PR Precipitation Radar (TRMM); 降雨レーダー PRAC Principal Research Area PRISM Precipitation-development Regressions on Independent Slopes PRMS Precipitation-Runoff Modelling System PROFS Program for Regional Observing and Forecasting Services PROSPECT PROprietes SPECTrales PRR Profiling Reflectance Radiometer PSA Pacific Science Association PSC Polar Stratospheric Clouds PSMSL Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level PSU Pennsylvania State University PUB Project for Ungauged Basins PWRI Public Works Research Institute PhotoComp Ozone Photochemistry Model Comparison QA/QC Quality Assessment/Quality Control QBO Quasi-biennial Oscillation; 準二年振動 QC Quality Control;; Quality Check QPF Quantitative Precipitation Forecast QXPMEX Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meteorological Experiment; 青蔵高原モンスーン実験計画 R&D Research and Development R&DC Research and Development Center (Russia) R-GDR Reduced Geophysical Data Record R4D Response, Resistance, Resilience to and Recovery from Disturbance (R4D) in Arctic Ecosystem RA Research Announcement; 研究公募; Radar Altimeter RACE Radiation, Aerosol and Cloud Experiment (Canada) RACM Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism RACMO Regional Atmospheric Climate Model RADARSAT Canadian Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite RAISE Rangelands Atmosphere-Hydrosphere-Biosphere Interaction Study Experiment in Northeastern Asia RAMS Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (by CSU) RAOB Radiosonde Observation RAS Russian Academy of Science RASC Radio Atmospheric Science Center (Kyoto University) RASS Radio Acoustic Sounding System RCHEMA Research Center of Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring at Arvayheer (Mongolia) RCM Regional Climate Model RCSM Regional Climate System Model RDB Relational Database REBEX Radiobrightness Energy Balance Experiment (Alaska) REMO REgional scale MOdel (BALTEX) RESTEC Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan; リモート・センシング技術センター RFC River Forecast Center RFD Royal Forestry Department (Thailand) RH Relative Humidity RHI Range Height Indicator RHi Relative Humidity Index RICE Regional Interactions of Climate and Ecosystems RID Royal Irrigation Department (Thailand) RIHMI Research Institute for Hydrometeorological Information RIHMI-WDC (All-Russian) Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information World Data Center RIHN Research Institute for Humanity and Nature RINEX format Receiver-Independent Exchange format (a format of GPS data) RISOP Rapid Interval Scan Operations Plan ROI Radius of Influence RPCA Related Principal Components Analysis RR Research Revolution RRR Rolling Review of Requirements RS Remote Sensing; リモートセンシング RSA ; ロシア航空宇宙局 RSSJ The Remote Sensing Society of Japan; 日本リモートセンシング学会 RST Regional Steering Committee (APF) RTD Research and Technology Development RTNEPH Real Time Nephanalysis RadFlux Radiative Fluxes Radar Radio Detection And Ranging Radarsat Radar Satellite RivDis Global River Discharge Database Rubisco ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase; リブロース‐1,5‐二燐酸カルボキシル化酵素／酸素添加酵素 S-VISSR Stretched Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer (GMS) SAA Satellite Active Archive (NOAA) SACZ South Atlantic Convergence Zone; 南大西洋収束帯 SADC Southern Africa Development Committee SAGE Stratospheric Aerosol & Gas Experiment SAHRA Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas SAIL Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves SALSA Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere (a program targetted southeastern Arizona, USA, and northeastern Sonora, Mexico) SAM Southern Annular Mode SAMOI Summer Asian Monsoon OLR Indices SAO Semi-annual Oscillation SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar; 合成開口レーダー; IPCC Second Assessment Report SARCS START-Southeast Asia Network (START); 東南アジア委員会 SASCOM (START); 南アジア委員会 SAT Sonic Anemometer-Thermometer; 超音波風向風速温度計; Surface Air Temperature SAVI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SBRS Santa Barbara Remote Sensing SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultra Violet SCAN Soil Climate Analysis Network SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research SCAR-B Smoke Cloud and Radiation-Brazil SCAT Scatterometer SCE Snow Cover Extent SCENGEN Scenario Generator SCM Single Column Model SCOPE Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment SCOR Scientific Committee on Ocean Research (ICSU); 海洋科学研究委員会 SCS Soil Conservation Service SCSMEX South China Sea Monsoon Experiment; 南シナ海モンスーン実験計画 SCSWP Small-scale Severe Weather Phenomena SD-file Sorted Data file (world aerological data via GTS in JMA) SDD Statistical-Dynamical Downscaling SDGVM Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model SDI Spatial Data Infrastructures SDPS Surface Deformation Prediction System SDS Scientific Data Set SDSM Satellite Data Source Module SE Signal Engineering, Inc. (USA) (the manufacturer of GOES's transmitter) SEAMAC Size-Segregated Aerosol Model for Marine Air Chemistry SEBAL Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land SEFDH Seasonally Evolving Fixed Dynamical Heating SES School of Environmental Sciences (Univ. of Shiga Prefecture) SEUS Snow Water Estimations and Updating System SFGC Space Frequency Co-ordination Group SGL Sub-Group Leader SGLI Second-generation GLI (onboard sensor for GCOM) SGP Southern Great Plains SH Southern Hemisphere; 南半球 SHEBA Surface Heat Balance of the Arctic Ocean SHI State Hydrological Institute (Russia) SHIVA Studies of the Hydrology, Influence and Variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon SHTTP Secure HTTP SI Syst'eme International d'Unit'es; SI単位系 SIAM-SEA Study on Impacts of Asian Monsoon in South East Asia SIMBIOS Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies SIMIP Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project SINET Science Information Network (サイネット Japan) SINEX format Software Independent Exchange format (a format of GPS data) SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography (USA) SIPS Science Investigator-led Processing System SIR Shuttle Imaging Radar SIS Spherical Integrating Source SIT Strategic Implementation Team (COEP) SLC Scan Line Corrector SLP Sea Level Pressure SLR Satellite Laser Ranging; 衛星レーザ測距 SMA Soil Moisture Accounting SME Scan Mirror Electronics SMILES Superconducting Submillimeter-wave Limb-emission Sounder (JEM) SMIS Space Monitoring Information Support laboratory (Russia) SMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer SMOS Surface Meteorological Observation Station SMTMS Soil Moisture-Temperature Measurement System SNIP Siberian Network of Isotope in Precipitation SNOTEL Snopack Telemetry SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio; S/N比 SNSB Swedish National Space Board SOA Secondary Organic Aerosol SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol SOC Southampton Oceanography Centre (UK) SOHO Solar Heliosphere Observatory SOI Southern Oscillation Index; 南方振動指数 SOLAS Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere Study SOLSTICE Solar Steller Irradiance Comparison Experiment SON Septermber-October-November SONEX Subsonic Assessment Program Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Expedition SOP Special Observing Period SORCE Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment SOS Southern Oxidant Study SOWER Soundings of Ozone and Water Vapor in Equatorial Pacific SPADE Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition SPAM Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Model SPARC Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (WCRP); 成層圏過程とその気候影響 SPCZ South Pacific Convergence Zone; 南太平洋収束帯 SPG Science Promotion Group SPM Suspended Particles Matter SPONSOR Semi-distributed ParameterizatiON Scheme of the ORography-induced hydrology (GSWP and PILPS participating model by Shmakin) SPOS Snow Particle Observation System SPOT Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (France);; System Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre (France) SRB Surface Radiation Budget (GEWEX's project);; Storage Resource Broker SRES Special Report on Emission Scenerios (IPCC) SRF Surface Radiative Fluxes SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission of NASA SSA Small Scale Area SSC Science Steering Committee (ISLSCP) SSEC Space Science and Engineering Center SSG Science Steering Group (GEWEX) SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager; DMSP搭載マイクロ波撮像装置 SSM/T2 Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapour Sounder SST Sea Surface Temperature; 海面水温 SSTA Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly SSU Stratospheric Sounding Unit SSURGO Soil Survey Geographic Database SSiB Simplified Simple Biosphere Model STA Science and Technology Agency (Japan); 科学技術庁 STAR Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometry START System for Analysis, Research and Training (IGBP,WCRP); 解析，研究及び訓練のためのシステム STATSGO State Soil Geographic Database STB Scientific and Technical Board STC Science and Technology Corporation STE Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange STORMFEST Storm-Scale Operational and Research Meteorology-Fronts STRAT Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport SUCCESS Subsonic Aircraft Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study SUNGEN State University of New York at Albany/NCAR Global Environmental and Ecological Simulation of Interactive Systems SURFRAD Surface Radiation Monitoring Network SUSIM Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor SVAT Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer SVATS Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme; 土壌・植生・大気エネルギー・水輸送モデル SVD Singular Value Decomposition SVI Spectral Vegetation Index SW Short Wave SWAP Soil Water - Atmosphere - Plants (GSWP participating model) SWE Snow Water Equivalent SWI Soil Wetness Index SWIFT Stratospheric Wind Interferometer for Transport Studies (JAXA/ESA) SWIR Short-wave Infrared SZA Solar Zenith Angle (太陽天頂角) SeaBASS SeaWiFS Bio-Optical Archive and Storage System SeaWiFS Sea-Veiwing Wide Field-of-view Sensor SiB Simple Biosphere Model SiBUC Simple Biosphere Model including Urban Canopy Sim-CYCLE Simulation model of Carbon cYCle in Land Ecosystems Sland Simple Land Model (GSWP participating model) SnowMIP Snow Models Intercomparison Project T42 Triangular 42-waves Truncation T62 Triangular 62-waves Truncation TABLE Tsukuba Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment TAO Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TOGA) TAR Third Assessment Report (IPCC) TARFOX Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment TB Tera Byte TBB Black Body Temperature; 黒体温度 TBC to be confirmed TBD to be decided TBFRA Temperate and Boreal Forest Resource Assessment TBM Terrestrial Biogeochemical Model (related to VEGETATION) TBO Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation TBRG Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge TCOON Texas Coastal Ocean Observation Network TCR Transient Climate Response TDR Time Domain Reflectometry (a principle for soil moisture measurement);; Temperature Data Record (SSM/I's data record) TEACOM Temprate East Asia Regional Committee for START; 温帯東アジア地域委員会 TEM Terrestrial Ecosystem Model TEMA Global Change Impacts on Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia (IGBP-MESSC); モンスーンアジア陸域生態系における地球変化のインパクト TEMPUS Sea Surface Temperature Evolution Mapping Project based on Alkenone Stratigraphy TEMS Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring Sites TERC Terrestrial Environment Research Center (University of Tsukuba); 陸域環境研究センター THC Thermohaline Circulation THORPEX The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment TIBL Thermally induced Internal Boundary Layers TIFF Tag Image File Format TIGER Terrestrial Initiative in Global Environment Research TIMS Thermal Imaging Spectrometer TIMS Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner TIPEX Tibetan Plateau Hydrometeorological Experiment (China); チベット高原気象実験計画 TIROS Television and Infrared Observation Satellite; 赤外線テレビ衛星 TITECH Tokyo Institute of Technology; 東京工業大学 TM Thematic Mapper (LANDSAT etc onboard sensor) TMC Thematic Mapper Calibrator TMD Thai Meteorological Department (Thailand) TMI TRMM Microwave Imager; TRMMマイクロ波観測装置 TMR TOPEX Microwave Radiometer TOA Top of Atmophere; 大気上端 TOEF Tomakomai Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University (Japan) TOGA Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Program; 熱帯海洋及び全球大気変動研究計画 TOGA-COARE Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere-Coupled Ocean Atmospheric TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (onboard sensor of ADEOS etc.) TOPC Terrestrial Observation Panel for Climate TOPEX Ocean Topography Experiment (ocean TOPography EXperiment) TOPSE Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox TOVS TIROS-n Operational Vertical Sounder;; Television Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder TPI Trans Polar Index TPW Total Precipitable Water TRACE-P Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific TRIFFID Top-down Representation of Interactive Foliage and Flora Including Dynamics TRIP Total Runoff Integrating Pathways TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (USA-Japan); 熱帯降雨観測衛星 TSAVI Transformed Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index TSDIS TRMM Science Data and Information System (NASA); TRMMデータ処理システム TSI Total Solar Irradiance TURC Terrestrial Uptake and Release of Carbon (model) TVI Transformed Vegetation Index TWG TRMM Working Group; TRMMワーキンググループ TWO Temporal Window Operation (a method for smoothing time series of NDVI) TWO Temporal Window Operation (a smoothing method of NDVI time series by Tateishi and Park) Terra = EOS-AM1 Triana is named after Rodrigo de Triana, the lookout who first saw the New World from Columbus' ship. The first Earth observing mission to the Lagrange-1 (L1) point-the neutral gravity point between the Sun and the Earth. UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite UAV Unmanned Aerospace Vehicles UCAM University of Cambridge (UK) UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (USA); 大気研究大学連合 UCI University of California, at Irvine UD/EB Upwelling Diffusion-Energy Balance UDDI Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration UEA University fo East Anglia (UK) UGAMP University Global Atmospheric Modelling Project UIO Universitetet I Oslo (Norway) UIUC University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA) UKHI United Kingdom High-resolution climate model UKMO United Kingdom Meteorological Office UKTR United Kingdom Transient climate experiment ULAQ Universita degli studi dell’Aquila (Italy) UM Unified Model UMBC University of Maryland, Baltimore County UML Unified Modeling Language UN United Nations UNCDD United Nations Convention on the Combat of Desertification UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992?) UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNEP United Nations Environment Program; 国連環境計画 UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; ユネスコ UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNGA United Nations General Assembly UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations International Children's Fund UNIX UNiplexed Information and Computing System (UNICS) URL Uniform Resource Locator USA United States of America USACE US Army Corp of Engineers USAF United States Air Force USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USFS U.S. Forest Service USGCRP United States Global Change Research Program USGS U.S. Geological Survey USGS-NAWQA United States Geological Survey-National Water Quality Archive USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USWRP United States Weather Research Program UT Upper Troposphere UTC Universal Time Coordinated; 協定世界時 UTH Upper Tropospheric Humidity UV Ultraviolet Radiation; 紫外線 UV-B Ultraviolet radiation at wavelengths of 290-320 nanometers UVH Ultra-Violet Hygrometer UVic University of Victoria (Canada) UZFW Upper Zone Free Water VAD Velocity Azimuth Display; 速度方位角表示 VAMOS Variablity of the American Monsoon System VAS VISSR Atmospheric Sounder VCP Voluntary Cooperation Program (WMO) VEGETATION (a programme, a system, or SPOT-4's sensor) VI Vegetation Index; 植生指数 VIC Variable Infiltration Capacity Model (GSWP participating model) VIL Vertically Integrated Liquid Water VIPD Vegetation Index based on Pattern Decomposition VIRGO Variability of Solar Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations VIRS Visible Infrared Scanner; 可視赤外観測装置 VIS Visible 可視 VISSR Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer; 可視赤外走査放射計 VLBI Very Long Baseline Interferometry; 超長基線電波干渉法 VLM Vertical Land Movement VMC Video Movie Camera VMap Vector smart map (NIMA) VOC Volatile Organic Compounds VSOP VLBI Space Observatory Programme WAIS West Antarctic Ice Sheet WALES Water Vapor and Lidar Experiment in Space WAM West African Monsoon WAMP West African Monsoon Project WARFS Water Resources Forecasting System WARM Illinois Water and Atmospheric Resources Monitoring Network WASA Waves and Storms in the North Atlantic WAVAS Water Vapour Assessment WBCs Western Boundary Currents WCED ; 環境と開発に関する世界委員会 WCP World Climate Programme; 世界気候計画 WCRP World Climate Research Programme (was GARP); 世界気候研究計画 WDB2 World Data Bank 2 (US CIA) WDC World Data Centre (Russia) WDCGG World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases WEBS Water Energy Balance Study; 全球熱・水収支比較研究プロジェクト;; Water and Energy Budget Synthesis WESP Water and Energy Budget Simluation and Prediction WET-AMC Wet Season Atmospheric Mesoscale Campaign WFS 1996 World Food Summit WG Working Group WGDM Working Group on Data Management WGDMA Working Group on Data Management and Analysis WGISS Working Group on Infomation Systems and Services WGNE Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (AMIP/WCRP) WHIPD World Hydrology Initiative for Policy and Development WHO World Health Organization WHYCOS World Hydrological Cycle Observing System WI Wetness Index; 湿潤指数; Warmth Index; 温量指数 WMGGs Well-Mixed Greenhouse Gases WMO World Meteorological Organization; 世界気象機関 WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WCRP); 世界海洋実験計画 WP Western Pacific WPDN Wind Profiler Demonstration Network WRAP Water Resources Application Project WRS Worldwide Reference System WS Workshop; ワークショップ WSDL Web Services Definition Language WSI Weather Services International WSL West Siberian Lowland WSR Weather Service Radar WSR-88D Weather Service Radar 88-Doppler (formerly NEXRAD) WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development WVS World Vector Shoreline (Data base for mapping) WVSS Water Vapor Sensing System WWAP World Water Assessment Programme WWDR World Water Development Report WWF World-Wide Fund for Nature or World Wildlife Fund;; World Water Forum (世界水フォーラム) WWRP World Weather Research Program WWW World Wide Web; ; World Weather Watch; 世界気象監視 WiFE Wild Fire Experiment XML Extensible Markup Language YES Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences (JAMSTEC) YIB Yakutsk Institute of Biology (Russia; current IBPC); ヤクーツク生物研究所 YONU Yonsei University (Korea) YST Yakutsk Standard Time YuWEX Yukon basin Water Cycle Experiment ebXML Electronic business Extensible Markup Language kbd keyboard