FRONTIER RESEARCH ON EARTH EVOLUTION, VOL. 2 IFREE Report for 2003-2004

CONTENTS Preface Y. Fukao

Mantle Core Dynamics Scope of the program

Y. Fukao

On seafloor magnetotelluric study using separate instruments for electric and magnetic fields

T. Baba

Electrical structure of the upper mantle in the mariana subduction system

K. Baba, N. Seama, T. Goto, M. Ichiki, K. Schwalenberg, H. Utada and K. Suyehiro

Electrical conductivity profile across the transition zone of the earth's mantle obtained from a new time-domain inversion technique

Y. Hamano

The influence of ocean bathymetry and upper mantle conductivity on the Sq geomagnetic field in Japan

M. Ichiki

3-D shear Wave Speed Structure beneath the Philippine Sea Plate using seismograms recorded by islands and ocean bottom seismometer stations

T. Isse, K. Yoshizawa, H. Shiobara, K. Nakahigashi, K. Mochizuki, H. Sugioka, D. Suetsugu, S. Oki, T. Kanazawa and Y. Fukao

Seismological Structure around the Source Region of the Slow Thrust Slip Event beneath the Bungo Channel, Southwest Japan

S. Kamiyama and Y. Kobayashi

High temprature anomalies around the 410-km discontinuity oceanward of the subducting Pacific slab

M. Obayashi, H. Sugioka, J. Yoshioka and Y. Fukao

Bridging Long-period and Handpicked Arrival Times

S. Oki, G. Masters, C. Reif and Y. Fukao

MUD Water Group - Activity in 2003 and 2004

D. Suetsugu, M. Ichiki, K. Baba, T. Koyama, S. Ono and T. Hanyu

Polynesia Broadband Ocean Bottom Seisomic Observation Project

D. Suetsugu, H. Shiobara, H. Sugioka, T. Kanazawa and Y. Fukao

Semidiurnal variation of the ocean sound velocity associated with the M2 internal tide

H. Sugioka, Y. Fukao and T. Hibiya

Detailed map of the 660-km discontinuity beneath the Japanese islands estimated from four deep events

Y. Tono, T. Kunugi, Y. Fukao S. Tsuboi, K. Kanjo and K. Kasahara

Pattern and rhythm of mantlr convection modulated by 660km phase change

Y. Yamagishi, T. Yanagisawa and Y. Hamano

Measurements of velocity field for Rayleigh-Benard convection and the characteristic of the flow pattern in liquid metal

T. Yanagisawa, Y. Yamagishi, T. Tasaka, Y. Hamano and Y. Takeda

On the S-P converted waves observed for the 2003 Off Kii peninsula deep earthquake

J. Yoshimitsu, M. Obayashi and Y. Fukao

Methods for maintaining the performance of STS-1 seismometer

Y. Yuki and Y. Ishihara

Geochemical Evolution Scope of the program

Y. Tatsumi

Subduction processes associated with back-arc opening beneath the NE Japan arc

T. Hanyu, Y. Tatsum, S. Nakai, M. Yoshikawa, Q. Chang, T. Miyazaki, K. Sato, K. Tani, and T. Yoshida

Origin of submarine alkalic lavas near the Hawaiian hotspot;a noble gas study

T. Hanyu, D.A. Clague, I. Kaneoka, T.J. Dunai and G.R.Davies

Discovery of post-perovskite phase transition in the lowermost mantle

K. Hirose, M. Murakami, K. Kawamura, N.. Sata, Y. ohisi and T. Iitaka

Magmatic processes for producting the variation from ankaramites to phenocryst-poor basalts: an example from St. Helena Islamd

H. Kawabata and T. Hanyu

High-pressure partial melting of mafic lithologies in the mantle and its role in basalt genesis

T. Kogiso, M.M. Hirschmann and M. Pertermann

Comparative study of deep-sea piston cores south of Hawaii and submersible observations on the Hilina slump, south flank of Kilauea Volcano

J. Naka and P.W. Lipman

Mineralogy and phase transition in the lower mantle

S. Ono

Petrology of silicic magmas in Sumisu caldera volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan

H. Shukuno, Y. Tamura, K. Tani and T. Suzuki

Melting experiments on andesitic rocks by using internally hested gas pressure vessel

T. Suzuki

Sumisu Caldera Volcano, Izu-Bonin Arc, Japan

Y. Tamura, K. Tani, H. Shukuno, J. Naka and R.S. Fiske

Degrees of partial melting of arc primary magmas: examples from the Sumisu Caldera Volcano, Izu-Bonin Ark, Japan

Y. Tamura and Q. Chang

Geochemical evidence for wet and dry basalts from the Sumisu Caldera Volcano, Izu-Bonin Arv, Japan

Y. Tamura, K. Tani, Q. Chang and R.S. Fiske

Mantle Diapirs and Genesis of Arc Magmas: Evidence from the Sumisu Caldera Volcano, Izu-Bonin Arc, Japan

Y. Tamura and O. Ishizuka

Petrography of wet and dry basalts from the Sumisu Caldera Volcano, Izu-Bonin Arc, Japan

Y. Tamura, H. Shukuno and R.S. Fiske

A proposal for resolution of the 3D evolution of the Izu-Bonin Arc

Y. Tamura, O. Ishizuka, S. Kodaira, N. Takahashi, T. Fujiwara, D. Suetsugu, J.B. Gill and R.S. Fiske

Quantitative analysis of silicate rock major and trace elements by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer: Evalation of analytical precision and sample preparation

K. Tani, H. Kawabata, C. Chang, K. Sato and Y. Tatsumi

Origin of bimodal magmatism in the intra-oceanic arc - a case study of Torishima volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan -

K. Tani, Y. Tamura and T. Suzuki

Andesite: a major product of subduction factory

Y. Tatsumi and T. Takahashi

Remelting of a Solidified High-Mg Andesite Magma: 1, Petrographical and Geochemical Characteristics of Oto-Zan Composite Lava Flow on Shodo-Shima Island, SW Japan

Y. Tatsumi, H. Kawabata, K. Sato, T. Miyazaki, Q. Chang, T. Takahashi, K. Tani, T. Shibata and M. Yoshikawa

Remelting of a Solidified High-Mg Andeside Magma: 2, Magmatic Process for Oto-Zan Composite Lava Flow on Shodo-Shima Island, SW Japan

Y. Tatsumi, H. Kawabata, K. Sato, T. Miyazaki, Q. Chang, T. Takahashi, K. Tani, T. Shibata and M. Yoshikawa

Remelting of a Solidified High-Mg Andeside Magma: 3, Experimental Constraints on the origin of Oto-Zan Composite Lava Fow on Shodo-Shima Island, SW Japan

Y. Tamura, T. Suzuki and K. Sato

Spectrochemical imaging of volatile species in volcanic samples

R. Wysocznski

Plate Dynamics Scope of the program

Y. Kaneda

Development of high-resolution tsunami inversion method and its application to Nankai Trough earthquakes

T. Baba

Reflection traveltime mapping method for imaging lithosperic scale reflector

G. Fujie, A. Ito, S. Kodaira, T. Tsuru and Y. Kaneda

A numerical simulation of earthquake cycles along the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan, using the Earth Simulator

T. Hori, T. Baba, Y. Kaneda, N. Nato and K. Hirahata

Bending of the subducting oceanic plates and its implication for rupture propagation of large interplate earthquakes off Miyagi, in the Japan Trench subduction zone

A. Ito, G. Fujie, S. Miura, S. Kodaira and Y. Kaneda

Deformation of sandstone prior to tha onset of the seismogenic subduction zone - an inference from tectonic melange of the Shimanto Belt, Japan -

G. Kimura, Y. Hashimoto, T. Nakayama and Y. Kaneda

Structural evidences for a cause of silent slip at the fault zone of the Tokai earthquake

S. Kodaira, T. Iidaka, A. Kato, J.O. Park, T. Iwasaki and Y. Kaneda

Structural factors controlling the coseismic rupture zone of the 1973 Nemuro-Oki earthquake, the southern Kuril Trench seismogenic zone

A. Nakanishi, A.J. Smith, S. Miura, T. Tsuru, S. Kodaira, K. Obana, N. Takahashi, P.R. Cummins and Y. Kaneda

Microseismicity around rupture area of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake observed by ocean bottom seismographs

K. Obana, S. Kodaira and Y. Kaneda

A subducted oceanic ridge influencing the Nankai megathrust earthquake rupture

J.O. Park

Thermal analysis for the fault in sedimentary rock

A. Sakaguchi, K. Ujiie and M. Kameyama

New computational scheme of discrete element approach for the solid earth multi-materials simulation using three-dimensional four particle interaction

H. Sakaguchi

Gutenbury discontinuity beneath Tohoku, inferred from analysis of teleseismic waves

R.A.J. Smith

A numerical study of turbulent mixing in eruption clouds using a 3-D fluid-dynamics model

Y. Suzuki

Petrology of sealed cracks in the subduction boundary metamorphic rocks I. Theory of crack - sealing kinetics

M. Toriumi

Frictional behavior of unconsolidated granular material at the seismic slip rate: Implication for shallow level faulting during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake

K. Ujiie, A. Kato, Y. Kaneda, A.C. Trandafir O. Igwe and K. Sassa

Shear-wave splitting analysis 1: Mariana trough

T. Volti, A. Gorbatov, Y. Kaneda, H. Sugioka, H. Shiobara and K. Mochizuki

Shear-wave splitting analysis 2: Tottori earthquake

T. Volti, Y. Kaneda and S. Crampin

Pressure-temperature-deformation paths of garnet from the Main Central Thrust zone surrounding the Kathmandu Nappe, Central Nepal Himalayas

H. Yamaguchi, K. Arita and A. Takasu

Paleoenvironment Scope of the program

H. Kitazato

High-temperature, low-pressure tectono-thermal evolution of the Irumide Belt, central, Southern Africa: Lithosphere delamination during arc-accretion

B.De Waele, S.P. Johnson, S. Nkemba and F. Tembo

Rock magnetic calibration for Curie Temperature among different magnetometers insttalled in the Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University/JAMSTEC

T. Hisamitsu and K. Kodama

T-Butyl Alcohol freeze-drying system for microstructure observation of fragile samples: An example of the topmost sediments of brackish Lake Kaiike, Kamikoshiki Island, Southwest Japan

S. Hirano, K. Iijima, K. Oburi and T. Sakamoto

"Filtration method" for semi-quantitative power X-ray diffraction analysis of clay minerals in marine sediments

K. Iijima, F.J. Jimenez-Expejo and T. Sakamoto

Obliquity control on summer subtropical SST in the Kuroshio Extension region during the past 180,000-year

M. Itou, T. Oba and Y. Kato

Detrital zircon dating of Southern Uplands Terrane sediments in Scotland: recognition of an exotic, accreted peri-Gondwanan terrane

S.P. Johnson and G.J.H. Oliver

Subduction of continentl crust during Gondwana amalgamation: Very-high-pressure metamorphism and metasomatism in the Zambezi Belt

S.P. Johnson, B.De. Waele, F. Tembo, B. Mapani and M.T.D. Wingate

Dynamic sedimentary processes at active ocean margins: Results from in situ measurements and experiments in Sagami Bay, Japan

H. Kitazato, K. Oguri, W. Soh, H. Nomaki, M. Shimanaga, T. Nakatsuka, R.N. Glud, M. Middelboe, F. Wenzhofer and P. Heinz

Biogeochemical implication of carbon isotopic compositions of sedimentary biomarkers derived from purple and green sulfur bacteria from a meromictic lake

K. Matsumoto,H. Suga, K. Oguri, H. Kitazato and N. Ohkouchi

Stable carbon isotope and radiocarbon variability of fatty acid in semi-urban aerosol samples

K. Matsumoto, M. Ichida, K. Kawamura, Y. shibata and M. Morita

Evaluation of precision and accuracy for carbon isotopic measurements of 13C-labeled samples by an online elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometer system

N.O. Ogawa, R. Sato, and N. Ohkochi

Turbidity variations seen at a sediment surface in meromictic Lake Kaiike,Japan

K. Oguri, S. Sakai, H. Suga, Y. Nakajima, Y. Koizumi, H. Kojima, M. Fukui and H. Kitazato

A status report of MUD"Global event"group: A dynamic interaction between Earth'a interior and surface environments in the mid Cretaceous

N. Ohkouchi, T. Yanagisawa, J. Kuroda, Y. Yamagishi, Y. Hamano, M. Tanimizu, N.O. Ogawa, Y. Suganuma and A. Yoshihara

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of photosynthetics pigments as tracers for elemental cycle in the modern- and paleo-environments

N. Ohkouchi, Y. Nakajima, N.O. Ogawa, H. Suga, Y. Kashiyama, K.Matsumoto, Y. Chikaraishi, K. Oguri and H. Kitazato

Characterization of magnetic particles from Holocene and Pleistocene, Shallow-water carbonates of the Ryukyu Islands, Northwestern Pacific

S. Sakai and M. Jige

Dansgaard oeschgar-scale sea-ice expansion in southwestern part of the Okhotsk Sea during 120 kyrs and its impact to Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water(OSIW) formation

T. Sakamoto, K. Iijima, T. Kanamatsu, N. Harada, M. Uchida, M. Ikehara, K. Aoki, K. Takahashi, H. Sakai, Y. Shibata and H. Kawahata

Silicate-metal separation within asteroids

H. Senshu

Deep-sea benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the dysoxic Sulu Sea: Modern analogue for the mid-Cretaceous Warm Dysoxic Ocean - preliminary results

R. Szarek, H. Kitazato, H. Nomaki and M. Shimanaga

An evaluation of a new multiple-collector inductivery couple plasma mass spectrometer and its potential performance

M. Tanimizu

Evolution of branching filamentous cyanobacteria: Molecular-phylogenetic analyses of stigonematalean species

A. Tomitani

Phylogenetic relationships among genus Ammonia(Foraminifera) based on ribosomal DNA sequences, which are distributed in the vicinity of the Japanese Islands

M.S. Toyofuku, H. Kitazato and M. Tsuchiya

A new method for an intracellular calcium ion activity observations on living planktonic foraminifera

T. Toyofuku and H. Kitazato

Evolution of the atmospheric axygen in the early Precambrian: An updated review of geologocal"evidence"

K.E. Yamaguchi

Isotopic evidence for 3 billion years of bacterial redox cycling of iron

K.E. Yamaguchi, C.M. Johnson, B.L. Beard, H. Ohmoto and K.H. Nealson

Evolution of the geochemical cycle of Fe through geologic time: Iron isotope perspective

K.E. Yamaguchi

Iron isotope compositions of Fe-oxide as a measure of water-rock interaction: An example from Precambrian tropical laterite in Botswana

K.E. Yamaguchi

Iron isotope analysis by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer: I. Sample pre-treatment method

K.E. Yamaguchi

Data and Sample Analysis Scope of the program

S. Tsuboi

Precise determination of rare earth elements and yttrium for JP-1(peridotite) by microconcentric desolvating nebulisation ICP-MS

Q. Chang, K. Shinotsuka, T. Shibata, M. Yoshikawa and Y. Tatsumi

Determination of high field strength elements in geological samples by ICP-MS after alkali-fusion and mixed-acid digestions

Q. Chang, T. Shibata, K. Shinotsuka, M. Yoshikawa and Y. Tatsumi

Re-Os isotopic systematics in the sub-continental mantle of SW Japan: Peridotite xenoliths from Noyamadake volcano

M. Handler, K. Suzuki, N. Abe and S. Arai

Re-Os isotopic systematics in loess-paleosol sequences from the Yili Basin, NW China: Osmium isotope character as a tracer of Aeolian dust deposit, past and recent

M. Honda, S. Yabuki, K. Suzuki W. Ye and Y. Tatsumi

The construction of new generational broadband seimic network in western Pacific region

Y. Ishihara, Y. Yuki, S. Tsuboi, H. Mizutani and T. Koyama

Development of laser gun using 15 J laser

T. Kadono, S. Sugita and T. Matsui

Magnetic features and chemical compositions of altered basalts in the Okisu Melange in the Cretaceous Shimanto accretionary complex

Y. Kido, T. Fujiwara and A. Sakaguchi

Development of IFREE Crustal Structural Database Open Site

Y. Kido, S. Miura, K.T. Moe and Y. Tsuru

Networked electromagnetic data distribution system

K. Koyama, S. Tsuboi, Y. Ishihara and H. Mizutani

Beam forming experiment of airgun array to control the source directivity for large offset seismic survey

S. Miura, S. Tsuru, T. No and J. Kasahara

Evaluation of silica-gel activator in order to find the optimal silica-gel activator for lead isotope measurement by thermal ionization mass spectrometer(TIMS)

T. Miyazaki, T. Shibata, M. Yoshikawa, T. Sakamoto, K. Iijima and Y. Tatsumi

IFREE data center: Seismological data archiving and distributing system

H. Mizutani, S. Tsuboi, Y. Ishihara and T. Koyama

Apprication of core-log-seismic data integration for the high-resolution seismic stratigraphy in the Shatsky Rise

K.T. Moe and T. Tsuru

Apprication of K-Ar dating system to be performed by new noble gas mass spectrometry and its calibration from standard air analysis

K. Sato, H. Tamura, H. Kumagai and T. Hanyu

Application of K-Ar dating performed by new technique of ultra low potassium analysis with new Zeeman atomic absorption photometry in clean room laboratory

K. Sato, H. Tamura, Y. Nishio, H. Kumagai and T. Hanyu

Distillation of osmium from rock samples and its application to isotope dilution ICP-MS

K. Shinotsuka

Precise Rhenium isotopic ratio measurements by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry using total evaporation technique

K. Suzuki, Y. Miyata and N. Kanazawa

Sr isotopic micro analyses for plagioclase in andesites from Zao Volcano, NE Japan

T. Takahashi, M. Yoshikawa, T. Shibata, Y. Tatsumi and N. Shimizu

New noble gas isotope analysis system: Design and implementation

H. Tamura, K. Sato, T. Hanyu and H. Kumagai

Conversion of SEED formal to XML representation for a new standard of seismic waveform exchange

S. Tsuboi and S. Morino

Estimation of Poisson's ratio along a fault zone from amplitude analyses of the two-ship seismic reflection data in the Kumano oceanic basin

T. Tsuru, S. Miura and J.O. Park

Os, Pb and Nd isotopic geochemistry of Permian Emeishan Continental flood basalts: Insights to source of large igneous province

J.F. Xu, K. Suzuki, Y.G. Xu, H.J. Mei and J. Li

Deep Sea Research Program Scope of the program

W. Soh

A deep sea differential pressure gauge

E. Arakii, H. Sugioka and H. Shiobara

Electrical conductivity structures around seismically locked regions

T. Goto

The role of dewatering in the progressive deformation of a sandy accretionary wedge: Constraints from image processing of void structure

T. Hirano. W. Lin. E.C. Yeh and W. Soh

Application of paleointensity-assisted chronology to Northwest Pacific Deep-Sea Sediment: Imprication of the behavior of Kuroshio Current for 250 Ka

T. Kanamatsu and T. Mishima

Fluid detection with newest AMT instrument on the seismogenic zone around the eastern foot of Mt. Ontake, central Japan

T. Kasaya, Y. Ogawa, Nurhassan, N. Ujihara and F. Kimata

Deployment of mobile and real-time deep seafloor observatory

K. Kawaguchi

Geothermal and hydrogeological study at seafloor hydroothermal and cold-seep sites

M. Kinoshita and T. Nunoura

Heterogeneities of MORB magmas and their source region from noble gas view

H. Kumagai

A case study of determination of three-dimensional in-situ stress in a scientific deep-drilling project

W. Lin, E.C. Yeh, T. Hirono, M. Kinoshita and W. Soh

Application of dynamics tsunami modeling to the off Sanriku, Japan earthquake of 30 May,1998

H. Matsumoto and T. Ohmachi

Lithium isotope: new unique tracking tool for crustal recycling in the mantle

Y. Nishio and S. Nakai

P-wave velocity structure in the central Japan Basin, Japan Sea with ocean bottom seismometers and airguns

T. Sato, M. Shinohara, B.Y. Karp and N. Isezaki

Deep-sea floor instability as caouse of deep-water cable fault, off Eastern part of Taiwan

W. Soh, H. Machiyama, Y. Shirasaki and J. Kasahara

Strong relationship between seismic structure off Sanriku, microseismicity and ruptuure areas of large earthquakes

N. Takahashi, S. Kodaira, T. Tsuru, S. Miura, Y. Kido, Y. Kaneda and K. Suehiro

Preliminary results of core description from the Hole-A of Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project

E.C. Yeh, H. Sone, T. Nakaya, K.H. Ian, S.R. Song,J.H. Hung, W. Lin, T. Hirono, C.Y. Wang, K.F. Ma, W. Sho and M. Kinoshita

Bibliography (papers published by IFREE researchers)

Organization of IFREE and personnel