The major circulation system flows through all the world's oceans carrying temperature, salt, a variety of dissolved matter, and floating life forms together with the ocean water. We have just begun to realize that it contributes to the circulation of matter and forming the shapes of the oceans and significantly influences the global climate and atmosphere. We are thus anxiously awaiting the clarification of the relationships among major ocean circulations, the Kuroshio Current that has such great attraction for the Japanese people, circulation in the Northern Pacific, El Nino phenomenon, and climate change.
The Kuroshio Current is the main part of Pacific Ocean surface circulation. It not only significantly and directly influences the Japanese climate and industries but also has a major impact on the global climate due to its large capacity for heat transfer. Furthermore, the ocean circulation, which is the circulation in the layer 2000 meters below the surface, unlike the surface circulations such as the Kuroshio Current that are driven by the winds, is formed by water being cooled and condensed at higher latitudes then sinking deep into the sea. Large-scale sedimentation occurs in the vicinity of Greenland in the Arctic side of the Atlantic Ocean and in the Weddell Sea near Antarctica. The deep-layer water is carried by the Antarctic Circulation. It circles Antarctica in an easterly direction and is transported to the Indian Ocean and on to the Pacific Ocean. Most of the deep-layer water in the Northern Pacific Ocean passes through the northwest trench and flows into the ! Nort heast Basin where it rises, completing the deep-layer circulation cycle. The North Pacific Ocean's Northeast Basin is the terminus the deep-layer circulation.
Furthermore, the atmosphere that contacts the ocean promotes the exchange of the ocean's kinetic energy and water. As a result, the air above the ocean generates disturbances of various scales. These phenomena are not only very complex but fascinating subjects of investigation with regard to current disturbances, rainfall, water changes, and dynamics. They are also expected to have major impacts on people's lives through daily changes in the weather and natural disasters.
Based on the above, we can say that the major ocean circulation is the blood of the Earth. In addition, we know that the major ocean circulation greatly influences global-scale environmental changes and all living things, including human beings.