Table 1. List of the Models Considered in This Study Model Modeling Center BCCR BCM 2.0a Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway CNRM CM 3a Centre National de Recherches Meterologiques, France CSIRO Mk 3.5a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia GFDL CM 0a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, USA GFDL CM 1a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, USA GISS Model ERa NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, USA IAP FGOALS g1.0a LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics, China INGV ECHAM4 Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy INMCM 3.0a Institute for Numerical Mathematics, Russia IPSL CM 4a Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, France MIROC 3.2 (high resolution)a Center for Climate System Research (CCSR), Japan MIROC 3.2 (low resolution)a Center for Climate System Research (CCSR), Japan MPI ECHAM 5a Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany NCAR CCSM 3.0 National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA NCAR PCM 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA UKMO HadGEM 1 Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction, UK aUsed for the detailed latent heat flux analysis.