MODOKI ENSO A NEW PHENOMENON IS FOUND IN THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

El Nino Modoki Index

PAPERS

Impacts of Recent El Niño Modoki on Dry/Wet Conditions in the Pacific Rim during Boreal Summer, 2007: Weng, H., K. Ashok, S. K. Behera, S. A. Rao and T. Yamagata, Climate dynamics (2007) 29:113#129 DOI 10.1007/s00382-007-0234-0 (PDF )

El Niño Modoki and its teleconnection, 2007: Ashok. K., S. K. Behera, S. A. Rao, H. Weng and T .Yamagata, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C11007, doi:10.1029/2006JC003798 (JGR site or PDF)

Climate change: The El NiƱo with a difference, 2009, Ashok. K and T. Yamagata, Nature 461, 481-484. (Nature site)