SHINSEI MARU was built as part of the "Measurements for Reconstruction in Response to the Great East Japan Earthquake" of the Japanese government, and also as a research vessel for the "Tohoku Ecosystem-Associated Marine Sciences (TEAMS)" program. Since the marine environment off Tohoku dramatically changed due to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, the TEAMS program was launched as a support network for efficiently utilizing scientific knowledge accumulated at universities and research institutions in an effort to restore the affected fishery grounds off Tohoku.
The vessel was named after its predecessor research vessel TANSEI MARU which was decommissioned in January 2013 after many years of contribution to various research activities including new development in the Tohoku region.