Detailed Features

Table of Contents

Plotting/Drawing style

Plotting styles

Pasteup supports a variety of plotting styles, including Wiggle, Variable Area (VA), and Variable Density (VD). Styles are easily selected in the console window.

Wiggle

Waveforms are plotted as wiggles. If traces are dense, this style is not a good choice.

Variable Area (VA)

As like the wiggle style, waveforms are plotted as wiggles. But, the are where amplitude is larger than the threshold level are filled with a color. The threhold level is specified by the threhold level parameter.

Pasteup have 4 derivatives of VA.

Variable Density (VD)

Each trace is plotted as a line and the amplitude is represented by colors.

Pasteup have 5 derivatives of VD.

Compound mode

VD and wiggle, VD and VA can be compounded. In the compound plotting mode, Wiggel and VA plotting will be thinning out by referring to the parameter Display every. But all traces will be used to plot in the VD style.

VD style drawing mode is interpolate and wiggel/VD style drawing mode is vector.

The scaling factor is used as is for the VD plotting. But for wiggel/VA style, scaling factor is multiplied by the Wiggle/VD amp ratio parameters, which is defined in the Analysis window (in the Aux. tab).

Drawing styles

Another important selection is the drawing styles. There are three drawing styles for each plotting styles;

Vector

All the waveforms are drawn and stored in the RAM are as the vector data. This means that the record section is fine even if the section is magnified. However, to draw amount of seismic data within vector format, huge memory space and long computation time are required. In addition, the generated PostScript file must be enormous. For example, the file size will be more than 100MB in an usual record section with 2000 traces, 10 seconds (100Hz sampling). Consequently, Vector mode is valid for wiggle and variable area plotting styles with not so many traces.

Image

All the waveforms are drawn in a pixel image file, such as PNG and JPEG. In the computer monitor, the image is almost identical to the vector image, but after printing to paper, the image is not so good as the vector mode. But the file size cannot be so large and computational time is much shorter than the vector mode. This style is valid for VD because essentially the VD images are pixel image.

Interpolate

This mode is used only for VD mode. This mode resembles to the Image mode and the waveforms are drawin in apixel image file (PNG or JPEG). But in this mode, the areas between two neighboring traces are filled with VD image after linear interpolation. This mode is effective if the trace spacing is large.

Gain control and Filter

Pasteup supports basic gain control functions and time domain filters.
The gain control parameters are the following.

Gain Control

Item name Description
Scale Factor Scaling factor. The amplitude is multiplied by this value.
Amp. Correction Amplitude corrections mode. See below for details.
AGC If this value is larger than 0.0, the automatic gain control is applied.
Clip Amplitude In Wiggle or VA mode, large amplitude will be clipped to this value. This value is in pixel number.
VA threshold In VA mode, the area smaller than this value is not filled. This value is in pixel number.

Amplitude correction mode is the following.

Correction mode Description
none None
relative All the traces will be normalized by the maximum amplitude in each trace.
geometric Apply geometrical spreading correction.
All the traces are multiplied by (offset / L * a), where L and a are given by the user.

Filter

Pasteup supports both of Chebyshev and Butterworth time domain filters. Each of them consist of low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop filters. (A combination of Butterworth and band stop is not possible.)
And both of causal and uncausal (zero phase) filter are selectable.

In addition, Pasteup supports plot after stacking. There are two stacking mode, slant stack (includeing vertical stack) and hyperbola stack .

slant stack

Near traces inside the stack range are stacked to each trace. Slant stack along the stacking velocity.

hyperbola stack

Near traces inside the stack range are stacked to each trace along a hyperbola defined by stacking velocity and intercept time. This stack is effective to emphasize the reflection waves in a horizontally layered structure.

SU filter

If you have SU (Seismic UNIX) in your system, various filters of SU can be applied before plotting. To use SU filter, check the radio button in the console window. To configure SU filter, push the configure button inside the console window, and the SU filter window will emerge.

SU is a powerful tool, but Pasteup supports only part of the SU modules; some of them are the following.

module description
sugain Various gain control
sufilter frequency domain filter (zero-phase)
subfilt Butterworth filter
sucfilter Chebyshev filter
supef Predective error filter (Deconvolution)
sufxdecon FX-deconvolution
sustack Stack adjacent traces
supws Phase Weight Stack
sudipfilt Dip filter (F-K filter)
sufft Fast Fourier Transform
suradon Radon transform
suacor Auto correlation
sumix Trace mixing
sushw Set header words
suchw Change header words
susort Sort traces
suwind Window traces by header word
:
more

Any combinations of SU modules are possible. For example, you can apply band pass filter, deconvolution, fx-deconvolution and Phase Weight Stack before plotting.

SU filter window

SU filter is designed in the SU filter window (the following).

SU filter window
Figure 1. SU filter window. Left panel is a flow of modules, and right panel is a option panel of a selected module. In this example, sucfilter and supef are applied to the input data, and scaling factor will be adjusted referring to 20% of the maximum amplitude of the filtered traces. Sufxdecon is disabled in the left panel.

The basic procedure to design a SU filter is,

  1. Clear old module list (when old module list exists)
    select "ModuleList -> Clear module list" menu.
  2. Insert your favorite modules from
    AddModules menu.
  3. Edit each module.
    1. Select a target module in the left panel.
    2. Select a option inside right panel.
    3. Editing area is the right bottom corner.
  4. On or Off "Auto-scaling" and "Auto-range" option in the left bottom corner.

Auto-scaling will be applied after all the SU modules are evaluated if the Auto-scaling check button is on. In the above example, 20% of the maximum amplitude is used for scaling.

Auto-range will be applied after all the SU moudles and Auto-scaling are evaluated if the Auto-range check button is on. After applying auto-range function, the offset range is changed to include all the traces. The minimum and maximum offset range become the multiples of Auto-range values specified in this entry widget.

Mouse bindings in the SU filter window

To select modules or options are bound to Button-1. But, there are several special mouse bindings to edit the flow list (left panel)

In the flow list panel, click Button-3 on the selected module name and an option menu will be shown; "enabel/disable", "delete" and "show help" are in the menu. "enable/disable" menu toggles on/off of the module. "delete" menu will delete the module from the list. "show help" menu will invoke help window to show the document of the module. This document is the self-doc of SU command.

To change the order of SU modules, click Control+Button1 or Control+Button3 on the flow list panel. The selected module is shift upward (Contro+Button1) or downword (Control+Button3).

Bindings Description
Button3 Popup menu
Control-Button1 Change the flow list order (upward)
Control-Button3 Change the flow list order (downward)
Summary of the mouse bindings in the left panel of SU filter window.

Mouse binding modes

There are 6 mouse binding modes in the canvas window (where record sections will be drawn). You can select mouse binding modes by the menu button in the left bottom corner of the canvas window.

Current bindings are shown in the right bottom corner of the canvas window. "B1" measn Mouse-Button-1, "S-B2" means "Shift+Button2" and "C-B3" means "Control+Button3" and so on.

Binding mode Description
Pick mode Trace picking mode
Line pick mode Yet another trace picking mode
Analysis mode Measure apparent velocity, plot surface multiples
View mode Only view record section
Amplitude mode Read amplitude in the specified region
Tau-p/Tau-Sum inversion mode Tau-p/Tau-sum analysis

Picking

There are two type of picking operation in the Pasteup. One is a trace by trace operation and the other is a line pick operation.

Trace by trace pick

To pick trace by trace, select mouse binding mode "Pick mode". In this mode, you can pick by pressing Button2. The pick accuracy can be set by dragging the mouse during pressing Button2. But the minimum accuracy is limited to the preset value in the left bottom area of the canvas window.

Line pick

To pick along line, select mouse binding mode "Line pick mode". In this mode, you can draw a line by pressing and dragging Button2.

After releasing the Button 2, traveltime picks are generated along the line you drew. All the pick accuracies are set to the preset values in the left bottom area of the canvas window.

Edit picks (delete/change property/undoing )

There are several way to delete a pick. Most basic approach is clicking Button-3, and the nearest pick mark will be deleted. Other delete ways are using pick windows.

Edit in the pick window

Pick window can be invoked by typing "Control+p" or "Control-z" or clicking the corresponding tool button. Pick edit functions are implemented in the third tab. In this edit tab, you can do

These operations are applied to all the picks on the record section. That is, if you delete a pick type "10", then all the picks of type 10 will be deleted.

Edit picks in a selected region

In "Pick mode" or "Line pick mode", you can select a rectangular region by pressing and dragging Button-3. After releasing Button-3, an Picks in the region window will emerge. In this window, you can do

These modification will be applied to only the picks in the selected region, but you can select pick types to apply these operations if you wish by selecting "selected" tab.

Undo/Redo

Undo of picks are implemented. You can undo by typing "C-u" or using "edit" tab of Pick window. You can also redo by typing "M-u" or using "edit" tab of Pick window. However, number of undo is limited. The maximum number of undo can be set in the Pick window.

Drawing Options

For dressing up the record section, several drawing options can be specified. Most of options are set in the "Option window" which can be invoked by typeing "C-o" or clicking the corresponding tool buttons in the console window.

In this window, you can specify figure title, font size, tick interval (spacing), number of subticks, and so on.

Figure size is dimensions of record section (not including labels and ticks and axis). The unit is pixel in the monitor.

"Vertical/Horizontal ratio" is a little confusing parameter.

For example, time range is from 0.0 to 10.0, and offset range is from -50.0 to 50.0, and height of graph area is 600 and width of graph area is 1200. In this case, vertical axis is 600pixel/10.0sec = 60, and horizontal axis is 1200pixel/100km = 12, then Vertical/Horizontal ratio is 5.0.
Now, if you specify the ratio 10.0 and click "Apply" button, the width of graph area is changed to be 600.

In this way, the apply button changes the width of graph area to fill the Vertical/Horzontal ratio. If you cannot understand the merit of this function, don't use it.

Analysis

Pasteup can support your analysis of record sections.

Apparent velocity analysis

Apparent velocity can be measured by drawing arbitrary lines.

Direct water wave

Traveltimes of direct water waves can be plotted.

Multiples

Traveltimes of surface multiples can be plotted.

Tau-p/Tau-Sum

One-dimensional velocity structure can be estimated by Tau-Sum inversion

Traveltime picking

Of course. Many pick types (200) can be specified.

Automatic first arrival picking

Automatic first arrival picking through external programs (SU-based). There are selectable two algorithms.

Position fix

OBS position can be determined by using traveltimes of direct water waves through external SU programs.

Attribute analysis

Through SU, attributea (spectrum or so) can be analysed.

Plotting synthetic traveltime data.

Reading and plotting synthetic traveltime data in the several format.

Computing synthetic traveltime data.

Synthetic traveltimes can be computed by using external program, HAMEN. It of course requires a velocity structure model.

Traveltime Mapping

Traveltime Mapping Method can be interactively applied through an external program (TMM). It requires a velocity strucrure and reflection picks.

Print (Making PostScript file)

Record sections can be printed by a PostScript printer or saved as a PostScript file.