Pasteup can handle several type of pick file formats.
Pasteup pick format is a text file format based on the MacRay pick file format, but slightly extended.
The first line has a special meaning. It consists of 4 columns.
column | contents |
---|---|
1 | receiver (or shot) x-position (km) |
2 | receiver (or shot) z-position (km) |
3 | must be 0 (obsolete parameter) |
4 | must be 1 (obsolete parameter) |
The rest rows of the pick file contains each pick information. Each row must have 5 columns as shown in below.
column | contents |
---|---|
1 | shot number (integer) |
2 | offset distance between source and receiver (km) |
3 | traveltime (sec), not reduced |
4 | uncertainty, or accuracy of traveltime data (sec) |
5 | pick type (integer between 1 and 200) |
Here is an example.
50.000 1.500 0.0 1.0 522 6.386 4.275 0.02 1 523 6.282 4.260 0.02 10 524 6.178 4.246 0.05 1 525 6.075 4.232 0.05 4
RAYINVR is one of the most famous program package of raytracing and inversion developed by Colin Zelt. See the documents of RAYINVR for details.
GeoCT-II is a commercial packages for inversion analysis. See its manual for details.
Mochi format is originally used by Dr. K. Mochizuki. This format is very simple and can be easily handled. The first line represents the number of picks in the file and remaining lines represent x(km) and t(sec).
Here is an example.
3 1.0 3.123 2.5 4.224 3.2 5.197
Pasteup supports several formats for synthetic traveltimes, including MacRay, RAYINVR, GeoctII. Pasteup identifies these formats automatically.
However, Pasteup displays only a record section of a common shot or a common receiver data, therefore, synthetic pick file must contain only one shot point or only one receiver.
Pasteup can save all the parameters to draw a record section in a parameter file (resource file). The file contains data file names, drawing conditions and so on.
The parameter file is just a tclsh script composed of only "set" assignment statements. Very easy to read even if you don't know the grammar of the tclsh. Usually, you don't need to see and edit the parameter file.
Pasteup supports several data formats such as Seismic Unix, SEG-Y and so on. In either case, the data must be a receiver gather or a shot gather.
The Developer uses SU format. Therefore, recommended file format is SU.
Seismic Unix (SU) format is based on the SEG-Y. See the SU manual for detail. The supported SU format is the usual float format (depending on the CPU architecture). XDR format is not supported.
Pasteup reads the following header words. All of these are the standard SEG-Y headers.
Header word | Description |
---|---|
dt | Time sample interval |
ns | Number of samples |
trid | Trace identification number |
Header word | Description |
---|---|
derlrt | Delay recording time |
tstat | Total static applied in millisecond |
laga | Lag time A (millisecond) |
lagb | Lag time B (millisecond) |
offset | Offset distance in meter |
tracl | Trace sequence number within line |
tracr | Trace sequence number within SU file |
tracf | Trace sequence number within field record |
fldr | Field record number |
ep | Energy source point number |
cdp | Ensemble number |
Starting time of the trace is calclated by
delrt + tstat + lagb - laga
In the receiver gathers, shot number is read from one of tracl, tracf, tracr, fldr; and the receiver number is read from one of fldr or ep.
In the shot gathers, receiver number (site number) is read from one of tracl, tracf, tracr, fldr; and the shot number is read from one of fldr or ep.
SEG-Y is one of the standard file formats for seismic data defined by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG). Each trace in SEG-Y format has 240 bytes header, but the standard SEG-Y defines only the first 180 bytes of them. The rest of the header (181-240 byte) are left for optional use. Therefore, several extended SEG-Y formats have been developed using this optional header.
As you know, SU is one of extensions of SEG-Y format, pasteup reads the same header words in the SEG-Y format as in the SU format.
Hopefully, The following SEG-Y extension is supported.
This format was defined by IRIS PASSCAL Instrument Center. For details, see the web page.
The sampling interval is determined by the Passcal extended header, located between 201-204 byte, not by the standard SEG-Y header. Delay of recording time is computed using the extended header are, located between 207-220 byte.
Pasteup supports IASPEI SEG-Y format of version 3.00 (January 25, 1993). See their documents for details.
Delay of recording time is computed using the data information in the extended trace header, located between 181-200 byte.
Historically speaking, pasteup was developed for the data format used in Kasahara-lab, Earthquake Research Institute (ERI), University of Tokyo. This format is based on the Urabe-Hirata format, but slightly different from it. In this format, seismic data consists of two files; a waveform file and a corresponding record header file.
Although this file format is not sophisticated, it has some advantages.
In some cases, the storage area is much saved if you use this format in place of SU or SEG-Y.
Waveform data are stored in block unit, where 1 block consists of 1024 samples. Record header file have information about the shot time and recording delay, the corresponding block position and so on.
The record header file is a text file; a shot per a line. Each line has 83 letters. Each columns has the following meanings.
Columns | Format | Description |
---|---|---|
0-3 | 4d | Line number in the file, arbitrary number, not the exact line number |
5-8 | 4d | Shot number |
10-11 | 2d | Shot time (Month) |
12-13 | 2d | Shot time (Day) |
14-15 | 2d | Shot time (Hour, in 24H) |
16-17 | 2d | Shot time (Minuite) |
18-23 | 6.3f | Shot time (Second) |
25-32 | 7.3f | Difference between True-shot-time and time of first-sample, in second |
34-41 | 8.3f | Offset distance in km |
42-47 | 6.3f | The error of offset in km |
49-55 | 7.2f | Sampling rate in Hz |
56-60 | 5d | Accumulated block number |
61-63 | 3d | Block number for this trace |
65-68 | 4d | Sample number in the last block of this trace |
69-72 | 4d | The weight of explosion |
73-78 | 6.3f | The time correction for the depth of explosion, in second |
79-83 | 5d | Water depth in meter |
Here is a sample record header file.
15 15 831 11920.554 -0.004 32.936 0.000 100.00 0 4 928 0 0.020 0 16 16 831 11940.554 -0.004 32.870 0.000 100.00 4 4 928 0 0.020 0 17 17 831 120 0.554 -0.004 32.801 0.000 100.00 8 4 928 0 0.020 0 18 18 831 12020.554 -0.004 32.735 0.000 100.00 12 4 928 0 0.020 0
The Tohoku Univ. format was, I think, developed by Tohoku University. This format is multiplex; 4-component data are in one file. Each trace has trace header information such as shot position (latitude and longitude), shot time, trace length, sampling interval and amplitude gain. However, there is no information about offset distance and receiver position(or shot position in a shot gather).
Thus, to make a record section, you need to provide the receiver position (or shot position in a shot gather) by latitude and longitude, then the pasteup compute offset distance between shots and the receiver on the fly based on the WGS84 ellipsoid.