News on precipitation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Note that for ERA-Interim, daily precipitation is based on two forecast steps, 0-6H and 12-18H. It does not therefore take into account the entire day. Comparison with other reanalyses should be made with caution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Note that prior to 10\/31\/2024<\/strong> ERA5 daily precipitation was based on an average of four 1-hour mean precipitation intervals at 0, 6, 12 and 18 UTC. New files being generated are based on an average of 24 1-hour mean precipitation intervals to include the entire day<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Note that prior to 10\/24\/2023<\/strong>, precipitation units for ERA-Interim were in m \/ 3hours (divide by 10.8 to obtain kg m**-2 s**-1) and units for ERA-20C were in m \/ day (divide by 86.4 to obtain kg m**-2 s**-1). Files available on the server afterward are all in kg m**-2 s**-1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Note that prior to 7\/22\/2023<\/strong>, precipitation in JRA-55 was in mm\/day whereas it was in kg m**-2 s**-1 in other datasets. Please divide by 86400 to convert from mm\/day to kg m**-2 s**-1 if you have downloaded data prior to 7\/22\/2023. JRA-55 files available on the server afterward are all in kg m**-2 s**-1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
What is the RID?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The Reanalysis Intercomparison Dataset, or RID, is a dataset providing a range of diagnostics to facilitate the intercomparison of reanalysis datasets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Most diagnostics are provided as zonal means on pressure levels, but a selection of variables is also provided as a function of longitude and latitude on selected pressure levels. Some surface diagnostics are also provided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An update to the ZMD<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The RID is an update to the zonal mean dataset (ZMD) hosted at CEDA<\/a>. While the ZMD is not updated anymore, the RID receives frequent updates as more recent data is provided by reanalysis centers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Documentation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
An official paper describing the dataset will eventually be prepared, but in the meantime, it is encouraged to cite the original ZMD paper:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P. Martineau, J. S. Wright, N. Zhu, M. Fujiwara, Zonal-mean data set of global atmospheric reanalyses on pressure levels. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 10, 1925\u20131941 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-10-1925-2018<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A DOI will also eventually be provided for this webpage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Terms and Conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The RID is provided free of charge, for research purposes only. Commercial use is strictly prohibited under any circumstances. It is provided without any warranties. JAMSTEC does not take any responsibilities. It may be redistributed only when these terms and conditions are attached. The use of the RID should be properly acknowledged e.g., the RID, which was produced by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, is used in this study (https:\/\/www.jamstec.go.jp\/ridinfo\/).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Data Access<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Data is provided on our THREDDS<\/a> server which provides OPeNDAP functionalities as well as the ability to download NetCDF files. A python script<\/a> is provided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Recently updated reanalysis datasets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/ridweb.jamstec.go.jp\/RID\/wp-content\/uploads\/updated_datasets_daily-1024x695.jpg\")
Figure showing the zonal mean of core atmospheric variables (geopotential height, temperature, zonal wind, meridional wind and pressure velocity) at 500 hPa and 45N for the reanalysis datasets that receive regular updates.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Data Availability Timeline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Availability of the zonal-mean dataset<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/ridweb.jamstec.go.jp\/RID\/wp-content\/uploads\/availability_zonal_common-grid-1024x987.jpg\")
Timeline of reanalysis data availability of the RID zonal dataset<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Availability of the single-level dataset<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/ridweb.jamstec.go.jp\/RID\/wp-content\/uploads\/availability_single-level_common-grid-795x1024.jpg\")
Timeline of reanalysis data availability of the RID single-level dataset<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Availability of the surface dataset<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/ridweb.jamstec.go.jp\/RID\/wp-content\/uploads\/availability_surface_common-grid-795x1024.jpg\")
Timeline of reanalysis data availability of the RID surface dataset<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Data origin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Data sources and reference for each reanalysis are listed in the following table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dataset<\/td> Source<\/td> Reference<\/td><\/tr> 20CRv2<\/td> https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/data\/gridded\/data.20thC_ReanV2.html<\/a><\/td> Compo et al. (2011)<\/td><\/tr> 20CRv2c<\/td> https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/data\/gridded\/data.20thC_ReanV2c.html<\/a><\/td> Compo et al. (2011)<\/td><\/tr> 20CRv3<\/td> https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/data\/gridded\/data.20thC_ReanV3.html<\/a><\/td> Slivinski et al. (2019)<\/td><\/tr> CFSR<\/td> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5065\/D69K487J<\/a><\/td> Saha et al. (2010)<\/td><\/tr> CFSv2<\/td> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5065\/D6N877VB<\/a><\/td> Saha et al. (2014)<\/td><\/tr> ERA-20C<\/td> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5065\/D6VQ30QG<\/a><\/td> Poli et al. (2016)<\/td><\/tr> ERA-Interim<\/td> https:\/\/apps.ecmwf.int\/datasets\/data\/interim-full-daily\/levtype=pl\/<\/a><\/td> Dee et al. (2011)<\/td><\/tr> ERA5<\/td> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24381\/cds.bd0915c6<\/a><\/td> Hersbach et al. (2020)<\/td><\/tr> ERA5.1<\/td> https:\/\/cds.climate.copernicus.eu\/cdsapp#!\/dataset\/reanalysis-era5.1-complete?tab=form<\/a><\/td> <\/td><\/tr> JRA-25<\/td> http:\/\/rda.ucar.edu\/datasets\/ds625.0\/<\/a><\/td> Onogi (2007)<\/td><\/tr> JRA-55<\/td> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5065\/D6HH6H41<\/a><\/td> Kobayashi et al. (2015)<\/td><\/tr> JRA-55C<\/td> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5065\/D67H1GNZ<\/a><\/td> Kobayashi et al. (2014)<\/td><\/tr> JRA-3Q<\/td> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20783\/DIAS.645<\/a><\/td> Kosaka et al. (2024)<\/td><\/tr> MERRA<\/td> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/8D4LU4390C4S<\/a><\/td> Rienecker et al. (2011)<\/td><\/tr> MERRA-2<\/td> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/QBZ6MG944HW0<\/a><\/td> Gelaro et al. (2017)<\/td><\/tr> NCEP-NCAR (R1)<\/td> http:\/\/www.esrl.noaa.gov\/psd<\/a><\/td> Kalnay et al. (1996)<\/td><\/tr> NCEP-DOE (R2)<\/td> http:\/\/www.esrl.noaa.gov\/psd<\/a><\/td> Kanamitsu et al. (2002)<\/td><\/tr> OCADA<\/td> https:\/\/climate.mri-jma.go.jp\/pub\/archives\/Ishii-et-al_OCADA\/<\/a><\/td> Ishii et al. (2024)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> Reanalyses included in the reanalysis intercomparison dataset<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n
References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Compo, G. P., Whitaker, J. S., Sardeshmukh, P. D., Matsui, N., Al- lan, R. J., Yin, X., Gleason, B. E., Vose, R. S., Rutledge, G., Bessemoulin, P., Br\u00f6nnimann, S., Brunet, M., Crouthamel, R. I., Grant, A. N., Groisman, P. Y., Jones, P. D., Kruk, M. C., Kruger, A. C., Marshall, G. J., Maugeri, M., Mok, H. Y., Nordli, \u00d8., Ross, T. F., Trigo, R. M., Wang, X. L., Woodruff, S. D., and Worley, S. J.: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 1\u201328, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/qj.776, 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., and Bauer, P.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 553\u2013597, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/qj.828, 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Su\u00e1rez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L., Randles, C. A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M. G., Re- ichle, R., Wargan, K., Coy, L., Cullather, R., Draper, C., Akella, S., Buchard, V., Conaty, A., da Silva, A. M., Gu, W., Kim, G.- K., Koster, R., Lucchesi, R., Merkova, D., Nielsen, J. E., Par- tyka, G., Pawson, S., Putman,W., Rienecker, M., Schubert, S. D., Sienkiewicz, M., and Zhao, B.: The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), J. Climate, 30, 5419\u20135454, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JCLI-D-16- 0758.1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- ISHII, M., KAMAHORI, H., KUBOTA, H., ZAIKI, M., MIZUTA, R., KAWASE, H., NOSAKA, M., YOSHIMURA, H., OSHIMA, N., SHINDO, E., KOYAMA, H., MORI, M., HIRAHARA, S., IMADA, Y., YOSHIDA, K., NOZAWA, T., TAKEMI, T., MAKI, T. and NISHIMURA, A.: Global Historical Reanalysis with a 60-km AGCM and Surface Pressure Observations: OCADA, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan. Ser. II, 102(2), 2024\u2013010, doi:10.2151\/jmsj.2024-010, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, R., Jenne, R., and Joseph, D.: The NCEP\/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437\u2013471, 1996<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kanamitsu, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Woollen, J., Yang, S.-K., Hnilo, J. J., Fiorino, M., and Potter, G. L.: NCEP\u2013DOE AMIP- II Reanalysis (R-2), B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 83, 1631\u20131644, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/BAMS-83-11-1631, 2002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kobayashi, C., Endo, H., Ota, Y., Kobayashi, S., Onoda, H., Harada, Y., Onogi, K., and Kamahori, H.: Preliminary Results of the JRA-55C, an Atmospheric Reanalysis Assimilating Conventional Observations Only, Sola, 10, 78\u201382, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2151\/sola.2014-016, 2014<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kobayashi, S., Ota, Y., Harada, Y., Ebita, A., Moriya, M., Onoda, H., Onogi, K., Kamahori, H., Kobayashi, C., Endo, H., Miyaoka, K., and Takahashi, K.: The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General Specifi- cations and Basic Characteristics, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. Ser. II, 93, 5\u201348, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2151\/jmsj.2015-001, 2015<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kosaka, Y., S. Kobayashi, Y. Harada, C. Kobayashi, H. Naoe, K. Yoshimoto, M. Harada, N. Goto, J. Chiba, K. Miyaoka, R. Sekiguchi, M. Deushi, H. Kamahori, T. Nakaegawa; T. Y.Tanaka, T. Tokuhiro, Y. Sato, Y. Matsushita, and K. Onogi, 2024: The JRA-3Q reanalysis. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 102, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2151\/jmsj.2024-004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Onogi, K., Tsutsui, J., Koide, H., Sakamoto, M., Kobayashi, S., Hat- sushika, H., Matsumoto, T., Yamazaki, N., Kamahori, H., Taka- hashi, K., Kadokura, S., Wada, K., Kato, K., Oyama, R., Ose, T., Mannoji, N., and Taira, R.: The JRA-25 Reanalysis, J. Meteor. Soc. Jpn., 85, 369\u2013432, 2007<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Poli, P., Hersbach, H., Dee, D. P., Berrisford, P., Simmons, A. J., Vitart, F., Laloyaux, P., Tan, D. G. H., Peubey, C., Th\u00e9paut, J. N., Tr\u00e9molet, Y., H\u00f3lm, E. V., Bonavita, M., Isaksen, L., and Fisher, M.: ERA-20C: An atmospheric reanalysis of the twentieth century, J. Climate, 29, 4083\u20134097, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JCLI-D- 15-0556.1, 2016<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Rienecker, M. M., Suarez, M. J., Gelaro, R., Todling, R., Bacmeis- ter, J., Liu, E., Bosilovich, M. G., Schubert, S. D., Takacs, L., Kim, G. K., Bloom, S., Chen, J., Collins, D., Conaty, A., Da Silva, A., Gu, W., Joiner, J., Koster, R. D., Lucchesi, R., Molod, A., Owens, T., Pawson, S., Pegion, P., Redder, C. R., Reichle, R., Robertson, F. R., Ruddick, A. G., Sienkiewicz, M., and Woollen, J.: MERRA: NASA\u2019s modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, J. Climate, 24, 3624\u20133648, 2011<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Saha, S., Moorthi, S., Pan, H.-L., Wu, X., Wang, J., Nadiga, S., Tripp, P., Kistler, R., Woollen, J., Behringer, D., Liu, H., Stokes, D., Grumbine, R., Gayno, G., Wang, J., Hou, Y.-T., Chuang, H.- Y., Juang, H.-M. H., Sela, J., Iredell, M., Treadon, R., Kleist, D., Van Delst, P., Keyser, D., Derber, J., Ek, M., Meng, J., Wei, H., Yang, R., Lord, S., Van Den Dool, H., Kumar, A., Wang, W., Long, C., Chelliah, M., Xue, Y., Huang, B., Schemm, J.-K., Ebisuzaki, W., Lin, R., Xie, P., Chen, M., Zhou, S., Higgins, W., Zou, C.-Z., Liu, Q., Chen, Y., Han, Y., Cucurull, L., Reynolds, R. W., Rutledge, G., and Goldberg, M.: The NCEP Climate Fore- cast System Reanalysis, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 91, 1015\u20131057, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/2010BAMS3001.1, 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Saha, S., Moorthi, S., Wu, X., Wang, J., Nadiga, S., Tripp, P., Behringer, D., Hou, Y. T., Chuang, H. Y., Iredell, M., Ek, M., Meng, J., Yang, R., Mendez, M. P., Van Den Dool, H., Zhang, Q., Wang, W., Chen, M., and Becker, E.: The NCEP climate forecast system version 2, J. Climate, 27, 2185\u20132208, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JCLI-D-12-00823.1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Uppala, S. M., Kallberg, P. W., Simmons, A. J., Andrae, U., Bech- told, V. D. C., Fiorino, M., Gibson, J. K., Haseler, J., Hernandez, A., Kelly, G. A., Li, X., Onogi, K., Saarinen, S., Sokka, N., Al- lan, R. P., Andersson, E., Arpe, K., Balmaseda, M. A., Beljaars, A. C. M., Berg, L. V. D., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Caires, S., Chevallier, F., Dethof, A., Dragosavac, M., Fisher, M., Fuentes, M., Hagemann, S., Holm, E., Hoskins, B. J., Isaken, L., Janssen, P. A. E. M., Jenne, R., McNally, A. P., Mahfouf, J. F., Morcrette, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Saunders, R. W., Simon, P., Sterl, A., Tren- berth, K. E., Untch, A., Vasiljevic, D., Viterbo, P., and Woollen, J.: The ERA-40 re-analysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961\u2013 3012<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
- Note that prior to 10\/24\/2023<\/strong>, precipitation units for ERA-Interim were in m \/ 3hours (divide by 10.8 to obtain kg m**-2 s**-1) and units for ERA-20C were in m \/ day (divide by 86.4 to obtain kg m**-2 s**-1). Files available on the server afterward are all in kg m**-2 s**-1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n